News release

From the University Library

28 September 2006

340 years of Royal Society journals

The following text is taken from a Royal Society press release. After the trial period, we will retain archive access to content for the titles we subscribe to.

The complete archive of the Royal Society journals, including some of the most significant scientific papers ever published since 1665, is to be made freely available digitally for the first time today for a two month period.

The archive contains seminal research papers including accounts of Michael Faraday’s groundbreaking series of electrical experiments, Isaac Newton’s invention of the reflecting telescope, and the first research paper published by Stephen Hawking.

The Society’s online collection, which until now only extended back to 1997, contains every paper published in the Royal Society journals from the first ever peer-reviewed scientific journal, Philosophical Transactions in 1665, to the most recent additions, Interface and Biology Letters, and articles published online today ahead of print.

Professor Martin Taylor, Vice President of the Royal Society, said: "The Royal Society archive is a unique source of information for practicing scientists, science historians and indeed anyone with an interest in history. The rich, varied and sometimes entertaining archive documents the earliest accounts of the seventeenth century‘s ‘new experimental philosophy’, through which an understanding of the natural world was acquired by experiment and observation. This provided the foundation of the modern scientific method."

The archive provides a record of some key scientific discoveries in the last 340 years, including Halley’s description of ‘his comet’ in 1705, details of the double helix of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1954 and Edmond Stone’s breakthrough in 1763 that willow bark cured fevers, leading to the discovery of salicylic acid and later the development of aspirin.

Some of the more obscure papers explore rudimentary prototypes of modern day technology. Trials proposed by Robert Boyle in 1665 hypothesize on the possibilities of blood transfusions, pondering "Whether a fierce dog stocked with the blood of a cowardly dog may not become more tame?". A forerunner for ventilators was also discussed in a paper by Robert Hooke in 1667 entitled "An account of an experiment made by Mr. Hook [sic], of preserving animals alive by blowing through their lungs with bellows".

Professor Taylor added: "In addition to being a valuable scientific resource, the journal archives are also a rich historical record documenting a time which is hard to imagine given the knowledge we have today."

The digital archive contains papers documenting the discovery of new planets, the first descriptions of organisms through a microscope, and the first account of photography. Early journal papers contain fascinating descriptions of how Captain James Cook preserved the health of his crew aboard the HMS Endeavour and the astonishment of 18th century Society by the performance of a eight year-old Mozart.

Some interesting articles in the archive

The Complementary Structure of Deoxyribonucleic Acid
F.H.C Crick and J.D Watson - 1954
http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0080-4630&volume=223&issue=1152&spage=80.

On the Hoyle-Narlikar Theory of Gravitation
S. W. Hawking - 1965
http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0080-4630&volume=286&issue=1406&spage=313.

An Account of an Experiment Made by Mr. Hook, of Preserving Animals Alive by Blowing through Their Lungs with Bellows
Robert Hooke - 1667
http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0370-2316&volume=2&spage=539.

An Account of a Very Odd Monstrous Calf
Robert Boyle - 1665
http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0370-2316&volume=1&spage=10.

Observables upon a Monstrous Head
Robert Boyle – 1666
http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0370-2316&volume=1&spage=85.

Account of a very remarkable young musician (Mozart)
Daines Barrington - 1770
http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0260-7085&volume=60&spage=54.

Alexander Fleming (Paper describing early stages of penicillin discoveries) - 1922
http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0950-1193&volume=93&issue=653&spage=306.

Control Over the Onset of DNA Synthesis in Fission Yeast - 1987
Paul Nurse (Nobel Prize winner)
http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0080-4622&volume=317&issue=1187&spage=507.

William Henry Fox Talbot’s first account of photography - 1839 (2 articles refer to this in the volume)
http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0365-5695&volume=4&spage=120.
http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0365-5695&volume=4&spage=124.

Arthur Eddington’s solar eclipse observations, confirming Einstein’s general theory of relativity (Phil Trans 1919)
http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0264-3952&volume=220&spage=291.

Benjamin Franklin’s legendary kite experiment, drawing down lightning and showing its electrical nature (1752)
http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0260-7085&volume=47&spage=202.

Edmund Stone Willow bark - Aspirin - 1763
http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0260-7085&volume=53&spage=195.