Out[15]: int
In [16]: type(1.5)
Out[16]: float
In [17]: c = 42.42
In [18]: type("Hello World")
Out[18]: str
In [19]: d = 1 + 2j
In [20]: abs(10)
Out[20]: 10
In [21]: abs(-10)
Out[21]: 10
In [22]: help(abs)
Help on built-in function abs in module builtins:
abs(x, /)
Return the absolute value of the argument.
In [23]: dir()
Out[23]:
['In',
'Out',
'_',
'_10',
'_12',
'_13',
'_15',
'_16',
'_18',
'_2',
'_20',
'_21',
'_3',
'_4',
'_5',
'_6',
'_8',
'__',
'___',
'__builtin__',
'__builtins__',
'__doc__',
'__loader__',
'__name__',
'__package__',
'__spec__',
'_dh',
'_i',
'_i1',
'_i10',
'_i11',
'_i12',
'_i13',
'_i14',
'_i15',
'_i16',
'_i17',
'_i18',
'_i19',
'_i2',
'_i20',
'_i21',
'_i22',
'_i23',
'_i3',
'_i4',
'_i5',
'_i6',
'_i7',
'_i8',
'_i9',
'_ih',
'_ii',
'_iii',
'_oh',
'_sh',
'a',
'b',
'c',
'd',
'exit',
'get_ipython',
'quit']
In [24]: d
Out[24]: (1+2j)
In [25]: dir(d)
Out[25]:
['__abs__',
'__add__',
'__bool__',
'__class__',
'__delattr__',
'__dir__',
'__divmod__',
'__doc__',
'__eq__',
'__float__',
'__floordiv__',
'__format__',
'__ge__',
'__getattribute__',
'__getnewargs__',
'__gt__',
'__hash__',
'__init__',
'__int__',
'__le__',
'__lt__',
'__mod__',
'__mul__',
'__ne__',
'__neg__',
'__new__',
'__pos__',
'__pow__',
'__radd__',
'__rdivmod__',
'__reduce__',
'__reduce_ex__',
'__repr__',
'__rfloordiv__',
'__rmod__',
'__rmul__',
'__rpow__',
'__rsub__',
'__rtruediv__',
'__setattr__',
'__sizeof__',
'__str__',
'__sub__',
'__subclasshook__',
'__truediv__',
'conjugate',
'imag',
'real']
In [26]: d.imag
Out[26]: 2.0
In [27]: d.real
Out[27]: 1.0
In [28]: d
Out[28]: (1+2j)
In [29]: d.conjugate
Out[29]: <function complex.conjugate>
In [30]: d.conjugate()
Out[30]: (1-2j)
In [31]: help(d.conjugate)
Help on built-in function conjugate:
conjugate(...) method of builtins.complex instance
complex.conjugate() -> complex
Return the complex conjugate of its argument. (3-4j).conjugate() == 3+4j.
In [32]: (3-4j)
Out[32]: (3-4j)
In [33]: 3-4j
Out[33]: (3-4j)
In [34]: (3-4j).conjugate()
Out[34]: (3+4j)
In [35]: s = "test"
In [36]: del a
In [37]: del b
In [38]: s
Out[38]: 'test'
In [39]: s
Out[39]: 'test'
In [40]: type(s)
Out[40]: str
In [41]: dir(s)
Out[41]:
['__add__',
'__class__',
'__contains__',
'__delattr__',
'__dir__',
'__doc__',
'__eq__',
'__format__',
'__ge__',
'__getattribute__',
'__getitem__',
'__getnewargs__',
'__gt__',
'__hash__',
'__init__',
'__iter__',
'__le__',
'__len__',
'__lt__',
'__mod__',
'__mul__',
'__ne__',
'__new__',
'__reduce__',
'__reduce_ex__',
'__repr__',
'__rmod__',
'__rmul__',
'__setattr__',
'__sizeof__',
'__str__',
'__subclasshook__',
'capitalize',
'casefold',
'center',
'count',
'encode',
'endswith',
'expandtabs',
'find',
'format',
'format_map',
'index',
'isalnum',
'isalpha',
'isdecimal',
'isdigit',
'isidentifier',
'islower',
'isnumeric',
'isprintable',
'isspace',
'istitle',
'isupper',
'join',
'ljust',
'lower',
'lstrip',
'maketrans',
'partition',
'replace',
'rfind',
'rindex',
'rjust',
'rpartition',
'rsplit',
'rstrip',
'split',
'splitlines',
'startswith',
'strip',
'swapcase',
'title',
'translate',
'upper',
'zfill']
In [42]: help(s.replace)
Help on built-in function replace:
replace(...) method of builtins.str instance
S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> str
Return a copy of S with all occurrences of substring
old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is
given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
In [43]: s.replace('t', 'T')
Out[43]: 'TesT'
In [44]: s.capitalize()
Out[44]: 'Test'
In [45]: s = s.replace('t', 'T')
In [46]: s
Out[46]: 'TesT'
In [47]: s.islower()
Out[47]: False
In [48]: type(False)
Out[48]: bool
In [49]: help(s.replace)
Help on built-in function replace:
replace(...) method of builtins.str instance
S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> str
Return a copy of S with all occurrences of substring
old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is
given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
In [50]: s.replace?
Docstring:
S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> str
Return a copy of S with all occurrences of substring
old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is
given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
Type: builtin_function_or_method
In [51]: del c
In [52]: del d
In [53]: del s
In [54]: runfile('/Users/progprim/Desktop/spyder-example1.py', wdir='/Users/progprim/Desktop')
30
In [55]: a
Out[55]: 10
In [56]: c = 100
In [57]: runfile('/Users/progprim/Desktop/spyder-example1.py', wdir='/Users/progprim/Desktop')
130
In [58]: %reset
Once deleted, variables cannot be recovered. Proceed (y/[n])? y
In [59]: runfile('/Users/progprim/Desktop/spyder-example1.py', wdir='/Users/progprim/Desktop')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<ipython-input-59-5991ee8debb4>", line 1, in <module>
runfile('/Users/progprim/Desktop/spyder-example1.py', wdir='/Users/progprim/Desktop')
File "/Users/progprim/anaconda/lib/python3.5/site-packages/spyderlib/widgets/externalshell/sitecustomize.py", line 714, in runfile
execfile(filename, namespace)
File "/Users/progprim/anaconda/lib/python3.5/site-packages/spyderlib/widgets/externalshell/sitecustomize.py", line 89, in execfile
exec(compile(f.read(), filename, 'exec'), namespace)
File "/Users/progprim/Desktop/spyder-example1.py", line 10, in <module>
print(a + b + c)
NameError: name 'c' is not defined
In [60]: mysum(10, 20)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<ipython-input-60-01c43d13a810>", line 1, in <module>
mysum(10, 20)
NameError: name 'mysum' is not defined
In [61]: runfile('/Users/progprim/Desktop/funcexample1.py', wdir='/Users/progprim/Desktop')
In [62]: mysum(10, 20)
Out[62]: 30
In [63]: dir(mysum)
Out[63]:
['__annotations__',
'__call__',
'__class__',
'__closure__',
'__code__',
'__defaults__',
'__delattr__',
'__dict__',
'__dir__',
'__doc__',
'__eq__',
'__format__',
'__ge__',
'__get__',
'__getattribute__',
'__globals__',
'__gt__',
'__hash__',
'__init__',
'__kwdefaults__',
'__le__',
'__lt__',
'__module__',
'__name__',
'__ne__',
'__new__',
'__qualname__',
'__reduce__',
'__reduce_ex__',
'__repr__',
'__setattr__',
'__sizeof__',
'__str__',
'__subclasshook__']
In [64]: dir(mysum)
Out[64]:
['__annotations__',
'__call__',
'__class__',
'__closure__',
'__code__',
'__defaults__',
'__delattr__',
'__dict__',
'__dir__',
'__doc__',
'__eq__',
'__format__',
'__ge__',
'__get__',
'__getattribute__',
'__globals__',
'__gt__',
'__hash__',
'__init__',
'__kwdefaults__',
'__le__',
'__lt__',
'__module__',
'__name__',
'__ne__',
'__new__',
'__qualname__',
'__reduce__',
'__reduce_ex__',
'__repr__',
'__setattr__',
'__sizeof__',
'__str__',
'__subclasshook__']
In [65]: help(mysum)
Help on function mysum in module __main__:
mysum(a, b)
Return a + b
In [66]: mysum.__doc__
Out[66]: 'Return a + b'
In [67]: runfile('/Users/progprim/Desktop/funcexample1.py', wdir='/Users/progprim/Desktop')
The sum of 10 and 20 is 30
In [68]: print(10,20,30)
10 20 30
In [69]: print("{}{}{}".format(10, 20, 30))
102030
In [70]: runfile('/Users/progprim/Desktop/funcexample1.py', wdir='/Users/progprim/Desktop')
The sum of 10 and 20 is 30.
In [71]: runfile('/Users/progprim/Desktop/funcexample1.py', wdir='/Users/progprim/Desktop')
The sum of 10 and 20 is 30.
In [72]: runfile('/Users/progprim/Desktop/funcexample1.py', wdir='/Users/progprim/Desktop')
The sum of 10 and 20 is 30.
In [73]: greetings()
Hello World
In [74]: ret = greetings()
Hello World
In [75]: ret
In [76]: type(ret)
Out[76]: NoneType
In [77]: print(ret)
None
In [78]: runfile('/Users/progprim/Desktop/funcexample1.py', wdir='/Users/progprim/Desktop')
in mysum 0
in mysum 1
The sum of 10 and 20 is 30.
In [79]: mysum(100, 200)
in mysum 0
in mysum 1
Out[79]: 300
In [80]: