This research project aims to explore how polarity and spindle orientation machineries contribute to fate decisions in mammary stem cells during normal development and breast cancer.
This is a multi-disciplinary research program, bringing together expertise from Stem Cell research and Physics and Mathematical research to uncover the role a cellular process called oriented cell division plays in the control of normal breast development to work out what goes wrong in breast cancer. Execution of this critical process allows stem cells in many tissues to balance proliferation and differentiation during development in order to generate the myriad of cell types that comprise our body. Oriented cell division is often defective in breast cancer stem cells, so understanding how it normally works in breast stem cells will provide important insight into the biological changes that allow tumours to grow. To achieve this, we plan to use transgenic reporter mouse models and advanced microscopic techniques in order to track the fate of dividing breast stem cells in their native environment and determine their dynamic contribution to the development of the normal breast tissue at a high spatiotemporal resolution. By the same approaches in combination with a gene invalidation strategy, we will investigate the consequences of loss-of-function of key proteins that control the positioning of the mitotic spindle - on the execution of oriented cell division, and determine how this influences breast tissue differentiation and architecture. Ultimately, we aim to develop and implement a mathematical/computational framework involving the use of stochastic models and Bayesian analyses, which will provide the means to validate with high confidence our hypotheses and draw a model explaining how oriented cell division rules the binary choices between proliferation and differentiation made by breast stem cells.
Funding: Medical Research Council (MRC)
Grant code: MR/R026610/1
Funding duration: February 2019 – January 2022
PI: Dr Salah Elias