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The University of Southampton
Growth Hormone 2004 Project

Peer-reviewed Publications GH-2000, GH-2004 and GH-2012

 

(1) Healy ML, Gibney J, Pentecost C, Wheeler MJ, Sonksen PH. Endocrine profiles in 693 elite athletes in the postcompetition setting. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014 March 5.

(2) Sonksen P. Authors' response to letter by Ritzen et al. (Published online 25 July 2014, DOI: 10.1111/cen.12531) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015 February;82(2):308-9.

(3) McHugh CM HR. Growth Hormone in Sport. Science and Public Affairs. 1-12-2003. Ref Type: Pamphlet

(4) McHugh CM, Holt RIG. Growth Hormone, Exercise and Energy Expenditure in the Metabolic Syndrome. In: Byrne CD, Wild SH, editors. The Metabolic Syndrome. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 2005. p. 355-80.

(5) McHugh CM, Park RT, Sonksen PH, Holt RI. Challenges in detecting the abuse of growth hormone in sport. Clin Chem 2005 September;51(9):1587-93.

(6) Holt RIG, Erotokritou-Mulligan I, McHugh CM, Cowan DA., Bartlett C, Bassett EE, Sonksen PH. The GH-2004 project: the use of growth hormone (GH)-dependent markers in the detection of GH abuse in sport. Cologne: Buch Strauss; 2006.

(7) Wheldon A, Savine RL, Sonksen PH, Holt RI. Exercising in the cold inhibits growth hormone secretion by reducing the rise in core body temperature. Growth Horm IGF Res 2006 April;16(2):125-31.

(8) Erotokritou-Mulligan I, Bassett EE, Kniess A, Sonksen PH, Holt RI. Validation of the growth hormone (GH)-dependent marker method of detecting GH abuse in sport through the use of independent data sets. Growth Horm IGF Res 2007 October;17(5):416-23.

(9) Holt RIG. Beyond Reasonable Doubt: Catching the Growth Hormone Cheats. Paediatric Endocrine Reviews 2007;4(3):228-32.

(10) Erotokritou-Mulligan I, Bassett EE, Bartlett C, Cowan D, McHugh C, Seah R, Curtis B, Wells V, Harrison K, Sonksen PH, Holt RI. The effect of sports injury on insulin-like growth factor-I and type 3 procollagen: implications for detection of growth hormone abuse in athletes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 July;93(7):2760-3.

(11) Holt RI, Sonksen PH. Growth hormone, IGF-I and insulin and their abuse in sport. Br J Pharmacol 2008 June;154(3):542-56.

(12) Sonksen PH, Holt RI. Commentary on Graham et al.: physical effects of short-term rhGH administration in abstinent steroid dependency. Horm Res 2008;69(6):355-6.

(13) Erotokritou-Mulligan I, Bassett EE, Cowan DA, Bartlett C, McHugh C, Sonksen PH, Holt RI. Influence of ethnicity on IGF-I and procollagen III peptide (P-III-P) in elite athletes and its effect on the ability to detect GH abuse. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2009 January;70(1):161-8.

(14) Guha N, Sonksen PH, Holt RI. IGF-I abuse in sport: current knowledge and future prospects for detection 10. Growth Horm IGF Res 2009 August;19(4):408-11.

(15) Guha N, Dashwood A, Thomas NJ, Skingle AJ, Sonksen PH, Holt RI. IGF-I abuse in sport. Curr Drug Abuse Rev 2009 September;2(3):263-72.

(16) Holt RIG. A viable test for hGH? An interview with Prof. RIG Holt. Interviewed by Paul Trevorrow. Drug Test Anal 2009 February;1(2):57-8.

(17) Holt RI. Detecting growth hormone abuse in athletes. Drug Test Anal 2009 September;1(9-10):426-33.

(18) Holt RI, Erotokritou-Mulligan I, Ridley SA, McHugh CM, Bassett EE, Cowan DA, Bartlett C, Sonksen PH. A determination of the pre-analytical storage conditions for insulin like growth factor-I and type III procollagen peptide. Growth Horm IGF Res 2009 February;19(1):43-50.

(19) Holt RI, Erotokritou-Mulligan I, Sonksen PH. The history of doping and growth hormone abuse in sport. Growth Horm IGF Res 2009 August;19(4):320-6.

(20) Holt RI, Bassett EE, Erotokritou-Mulligan I, McHugh C, Cowan D, Bartlett C, Sonksen PH. Moving one step closer to catching the GH cheats: The GH-2004 experience. Growth Horm IGF Res 2009 August;19(4):346-51.

(21) Holt RI, Erotokritou-Mulligan I, Ridley SA, McHugh CM, Bassett EE, Cowan DA, Bartlett C, Sonksen PH. A determination of the pre-analytical storage conditions for insulin like growth factor-I and type III procollagen peptide. Growth Horm IGF Res 2009 February;19(1):43-50.

(22) Holt RI. Is human growth hormone an ergogenic aid? Drug Test Anal 2009 September;1(9-10):412-8.

(23) Sonksen PH, Holt RI. GH & IGF Research issue on doping with growth hormone. Growth Horm IGF Res 2009 August;19(4):283-4.

(24) Sonksen PH, Holt RIG. Growth hormone, secretagogues and related issues. In: Fourcroy JL, editor. Pharmacology, Doping and Sports: A scientific guide for athletes, coaches, physicians, scientists and administrators.London and New York: Routledge; 2009.

(25) Erotokritou-Mulligan I, Eryl BE, Cowan DA, Bartlett C, Milward P, Sartorio A, Sonksen PH, Holt RI. The use of growth hormone (GH)-dependent markers in the detection of GH abuse in sport: Physiological intra-individual variation of IGF-I, type 3 pro-collagen (P-III-P) and the GH-2000 detection score. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2010 April;72(4):520-6.

(26) Erotokritou-Mulligan I, Holt RI. Insulin-like growth factor I and insulin and their abuse in sport. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2010 March;39(1):33-43, viii.

(27) Erotokritou-Mulligan I, Eryl BE, Cowan DA, Bartlett C, Milward P, Sartorio A, Sonksen PH, Holt RI. The use of growth hormone (GH)-dependent markers in the detection of GH abuse in sport: Physiological intra-individual variation of IGF-I, type 3 pro-collagen (P-III-P) and the GH-2000 detection score. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2010 April;72(4):520-6.

(28) Guha N, Erotokritou-Mulligan I, Burford C, Strobridge G, Brigg J, Drake T, Bassett EE, Cowan D, Bartlett C, Sonksen PH, Holt RI. Serum insulin-like growth factor-I and pro-collagen type III N-terminal peptide in adolescent elite athletes: implications for the detection of growth hormone abuse in sport. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010 June;95(6):2969-76.

(29) Holt RI, Erotokritou-Mulligan I, McHugh C, Bassett EE, Bartlett C, Fityan A, Bacon JL, Cowan DA, Sonksen PH. The GH-2004 project: the response of IGF1 and type III pro-collagen to the administration of exogenous GH in non-Caucasian amateur athletes. Eur J Endocrinol 2010 July;163(1):45-54.

(30) Erotokritou-Mulligan I, Holt RI, Sonksen PH. Growth hormone doping: a review. Open Access J Sports Med 2011;2:99-111.

(31) Holt RI. Detecting growth hormone abuse in athletes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011 August;401(2):449-62.

(32) Erotokritou-Mulligan I, Guha N, Stow M, Bassett EE, Bartlett C, Cowan DA, Sonksen PH, Holt RI. The development of decision limits for the implementation of the GH-2000 detection methodology using current commercial insulin-like growth factor-I and amino-terminal pro-peptide of type III collagen assays. Growth Horm IGF Res 2012 April;22(2):53-8.

(33) Guha N, Erotokritou-Mulligan I, Bartlett C, Cowan DA, Bassett EE, Stow M, Sonksen PH, Holt RI. The effects of a freeze-thaw cycle and pre-analytical storage temperature on the stability of insulin-like growth factor-I and pro-collagen type III N-terminal propeptide concentrations: Implications for the detection of growth hormone misuse in athletes. Drug Test Anal 2012 June;4(6):455-9.

(34) Holt RIG. Doping and Diabetes. In: Ian Gallen, editor. Type 1 Diabetes:w Clinical Management of the Athlete.London: Springer-Verlag; 2012.

(35) Guha N, Cowan DA, Sonksen PH, Holt RI. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) misuse in athletes and potential methods for detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013 December;405(30):9669-83.

(36) Guha N, Erotokritou-Mulligan I, Nevitt SP, Francis M, Bartlett C, Cowan DA, Bassett EE, Sonksen PH, Holt RI. Biochemical markers of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I (rhIGF-I)/rhIGF binding protein-3 (rhIGFBP-3) misuse in athletes. Drug Test Anal 2013 November;5(11-12):843-9.

(37) Holt RIG. Detecting growth hormone misuse in athletes. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2013;17(1):s18-s22.

(38) Velloso CP, Aperghis M, Godfrey R, Blazevich AJ, Bartlett C, Cowan D, Holt RI, Bouloux P, Harridge SD, Goldspink G. The effects of two weeks of recombinant growth hormone administration on the response of IGF-I and N-terminal pro-peptide of collagen type III (P-III-NP) during a single bout of high resistance exercise in resistance trained young men. Growth Horm IGF Res 2013 June;23(3):76-80.

(39) Guha N, Erotokritou-Mulligan I, Bartlett C, Nevitt SP, Francis M, Bassett EE, Cowan DA, Sonksen PH, Holt RI. Biochemical markers of insulin-like growth factor-I misuse in athletes: the response of serum IGF-I, procollagen type III amino-terminal propeptide, and the GH-2000 score to the administration of rhIGF-I/rhIGF binding protein-3 complex. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014 June;99(6):2259-68.

(40) Guha N, Nevitt SP, Francis M, Woodland JA, Bohning D, Sonksen PH, Holt RI. The Effects of Recombinant Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 Administration on Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Recreational Athletes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015 August;100(8):3126-31.

(41) Holt RI, Bohning W, Guha N, Bartlett C, Cowan DA, Giraud S, Bassett EE, Sonksen PH, Bohning D. The development of decision limits for the GH-2000 detection methodology using additional insulin-like growth factor-I and amino-terminal pro-peptide of type III collagen assays. Drug Test Anal. 2015 Sep;7(9):745-55. doi: 10.1002/dta.1772. Epub 2015 Jan 21

(42) Sonksen P, Ferguson-Smith MA, Bavington LD, Holt RI, Cowan DA, Catlin DH, Kidd B, Davis G, Davis P, Edwards L, Tamar-Mattis A. Medical and ethical concerns regarding women with hyperandrogenism and elite sport. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015 March;100(3):825-7.

(43) Holt RI, Guha N, Böhning W, Bartlett C, Cowan DA, Sönksen PH, Böhning D. Novel markers to detect recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I (rhIGF-I)/rhIGF binding protein-3 (rhIGFBP-3) misuse in athletes. Holt RI, Guha N, Böhning W, Bartlett C, Cowan DA, Sönksen PH, Böhning D. Drug Test Anal. 2016 Feb 17. doi: 10.1002/dta.1941. [Epub ahead of print]

(44) Liu, W., Bretz, F., Bohning, D., Holt, R., Böhning, W., Guha, N., Sonksen, P. & Cowan, D. (2020). Comparison of normal distribution based and nonparametric decision limits on the GH-2000 score for detecting growth hormone misuse (doping) in sport. Biom J 2021 63(3):187-200.

(45) Böhning, D.,  Böhning,  W.,  Guha, N.,   Cowan, D.A.,  Bartlett, C.,   Sönksen, P.H.  and Holt, R.I.G. (2018).  A Correction to the Age-Adjustment of the GH-2000 Score used in the Detection of Growth Hormone Misuse. BMC Research Notes 11: 650.

(46) Sonksen, P., Bavington, L. D., Böhning, W., Cowan, D., Guha, N., Holt, R., Karkazis, K., Ferguson-Smith, M., Mircetic, J. & Böhning, D. (2018).  Hyperandrogenism controversy in elite women's sport: an examination and critique of recent evidence. British Journal of Sports Medicine  52, 1481-2.

(47) Böhning, D., LiW., u, Holt, R,I.G., Böhning, W., Guha, N., Sönksen, P.,  Cowan, D., and Liang T. (2017). Exact statistical calculation of the uncertainty term in the decision limits of the GH2000-score for growth hormone misuse detection (doping). Statistical Methods in Medical Research, (published online 6 October 2017).

(48) Holt, R., Guha, N., Böhning, W., Bartlett, C., Cowan, D., Sönksen, P., , Böhning, D. (2017). Novel markers to detect recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I (rhIGF-I)/rhIGF binding protein-3 (rhIGFBP-3) misuse in athletes. Drug Test Anal. 9, 30-37.

(49) Böhning,D., Böhning, D.,   Guha, N.,   Cowan, D.A.,  Sönksen, P.H., and Holt, R.I.G.(2016). Statistical methodology for age-adjustment of the GH-2000 score detecting growth hormone misuse. BMC Medical Research Methodology 16:147 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-016-0246-8.

(50) Holt, R.I.G.,  Böhning, W., Guha, N., Bartlett, C., Cowan, D.A., Giraud, S., Bassett,S.E.,  Sönksen, P.H., and Böhning, D. (2015). The development of decision limits for the GH-2000 detection methodology using additional insulin-like growth factor-I and amino-terminal pro-peptide of type III collagen assays. Drug Testing and Analysis 7, 745-755. Article first published online : 21 JAN 2015, DOI: 10.1002/dta.1772. 

(51) Guha, N., Nevitt, S.P., Francis, M., Woodland, J.A., Böhning, D., Sönksen, P.H., and Holt, R.I.G. (2015). The Effects of Recombinant Human Insulin-like Growth Factor-I/Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 Administration on Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Recreational Athletes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-1996.

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