Top (GNU GRUB Manual 2.14)

1 Introduction to GRUB
- 1.1 Overview
- 1.2 History of GRUB
- 1.3 Differences from previous versions
- 1.4 GRUB features
- 1.5 The role of a boot loader
2 Naming convention
3 OS-specific notes about grub tools
4 Installation
- 4.1 Installing GRUB using grub-install
- 4.2 Making a GRUB bootable CD-ROM
- 4.3 The map between BIOS drives and OS devices
- 4.4 BIOS installation
5 Booting
- 5.1 How to boot operating systems
- 5.2 Loopback booting
- 5.3 Booting from LVM cache logical volume
- 5.4 Some caveats on OS-specific issues
6 Writing your own configuration file
- 6.1 Simple configuration handling
- 6.2 Root Identification Heuristics
- 6.3 Writing full configuration files directly
- 6.4 Multi-boot manual config
- 6.5 Embedding a configuration file into GRUB
7 Theme file format
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Theme Elements
- 7.3 Theme File Manual
8 Booting GRUB from the network
9 Using GRUB via a serial line
10 Using GRUB with vendor power-on keys
11 GRUB image files
12 Core image size limitation
13 Filesystem syntax and semantics
- 13.1 How to specify devices
- 13.2 How to specify files
- 13.3 How to specify block lists
14 GRUB’s user interface
- 14.1 The flexible command-line interface
- 14.2 The simple menu interface
- 14.3 Editing a menu entry
15 GRUB environment variables
- 15.1 Special environment variables
- 15.2 The GRUB environment block
- 15.3 Special environment block variables
- 15.4 Passing environment variables through Xen
16 Modules
- 16.1 acpi
- 16.2 adler32
- 16.3 affs
- 16.4 afs
- 16.5 afsplitter
- 16.6 ahci
- 16.7 all_video
- 16.8 aout
- 16.9 appleldr
- 16.10 archelp
- 16.11 argon2
- 16.12 argon2_test
- 16.13 at_keyboard
- 16.14 ata
- 16.15 backtrace
- 16.16 bfs
- 16.17 biosdisk
- 16.18 bitmap
- 16.19 bitmap_scale
- 16.20 bli
- 16.21 blocklist
- 16.22 boot
- 16.23 boottime
- 16.24 bsd
- 16.25 bswap_test
- 16.26 btrfs
- 16.27 bufio
- 16.28 cacheinfo
- 16.29 cat
- 16.30 cbfs
- 16.31 cbls
- 16.32 cbmemc
- 16.33 cbtable
- 16.34 cbtime
- 16.35 chain
- 16.36 cmdline_cat_test
- 16.37 cmosdump
- 16.38 cmostest
- 16.39 cmp
- 16.40 cmp_test
- 16.41 configfile
- 16.42 cpio
- 16.43 cpio_be
- 16.44 cpuid
- 16.45 crc64
- 16.46 crypto_cipher_mode_test
- 16.47 crypto
- 16.48 cryptodisk
- 16.49 cs5536
- 16.50 ctz_test
- 16.51 date
- 16.52 datehook
- 16.53 datetime
- 16.54 disk
- 16.55 diskfilter
- 16.56 div
- 16.57 div_test
- 16.58 dm_nv
- 16.59 drivemap
- 16.60 dsa_sexp_test
- 16.61 echo
- 16.62 efi_gop
- 16.63 efi_uga
- 16.64 efiemu
- 16.65 efifwsetup
- 16.66 efinet
- 16.67 efitextmode
- 16.68 ehci
- 16.69 elf
- 16.70 emunet
- 16.71 emupci
- 16.72 erofs
- 16.73 escc
- 16.74 eval
- 16.75 exfat
- 16.76 exfctest
- 16.77 ext2
- 16.78 extcmd
- 16.79 f2fs
- 16.80 fat
- 16.81 fdt
- 16.82 file
- 16.83 fixvideo
- 16.84 font
- 16.85 freedos
- 16.86 fshelp
- 16.87 functional_test
- 16.88 gcry_arcfour
- 16.89 gcry_aria
- 16.90 gcry_blake2
- 16.91 gcry_blowfish
- 16.92 gcry_camellia
- 16.93 gcry_cast5
- 16.94 gcry_crc
- 16.95 gcry_des
- 16.96 gcry_dsa
- 16.97 gcry_gost28147
- 16.98 gcry_gostr3411_94
- 16.99 gcry_idea
- 16.100 gcry_keccak
- 16.101 gcry_md4
- 16.102 gcry_md5
- 16.103 gcry_rfc2268
- 16.104 gcry_rijndael
- 16.105 gcry_rmd160
- 16.106 gcry_rsa
- 16.107 gcry_salsa20
- 16.108 gcry_seed
- 16.109 gcry_serpent
- 16.110 gcry_sha1
- 16.111 gcry_sha256
- 16.112 gcry_sha512
- 16.113 gcry_sm3
- 16.114 gcry_sm4
- 16.115 gcry_stribog
- 16.116 gcry_tiger
- 16.117 gcry_twofish
- 16.118 gcry_whirlpool
- 16.119 gdb
- 16.120 geli
- 16.121 gettext
- 16.122 gfxmenu
- 16.123 gfxterm
- 16.124 gfxterm_background
- 16.125 gfxterm_menu
- 16.126 gptsync
- 16.127 gzio
- 16.128 halt
- 16.129 hashsum
- 16.130 hdparm
- 16.131 hello
- 16.132 help
- 16.133 hexdump
- 16.134 hfs
- 16.135 hfsplus
- 16.136 hfspluscomp
- 16.137 http
- 16.138 ieee1275_fb
- 16.139 iorw
- 16.140 iso9660
- 16.141 jfs
- 16.142 jpeg
- 16.143 json
- 16.144 keylayouts
- 16.145 keystatus
- 16.146 ldm
- 16.147 legacy_password_test
- 16.148 legacycfg
- 16.149 linux
- 16.150 linux16
- 16.151 loadbios
- 16.152 loadenv
- 16.153 loopback
- 16.154 ls
- 16.155 lsacpi
- 16.156 lsapm
- 16.157 lsdev
- 16.158 lsefi
- 16.159 lsefimmap
- 16.160 lsefisystab
- 16.161 lsmmap
- 16.162 lspci
- 16.163 lssal
- 16.164 lsspd
- 16.165 lsxen
- 16.166 luks
- 16.167 luks2
- 16.168 lvm
- 16.169 lzopio
- 16.170 macbless
- 16.171 macho
- 16.172 mda_text
- 16.173 mdraid09
- 16.174 mdraid09_be
- 16.175 mdraid1x
- 16.176 memdisk
- 16.177 memrw
- 16.178 memtools
- 16.179 minicmd
- 16.180 minix
- 16.181 minix2
- 16.182 minix2_be
- 16.183 minix3
- 16.184 minix3_be
- 16.185 minix_be
- 16.186 mmap
- 16.187 morse
- 16.188 mpi
- 16.189 msdospart
- 16.190 mul_test
- 16.191 multiboot
- 16.192 multiboot2
- 16.193 nand
- 16.194 nativedisk
- 16.195 net
- 16.196 newc
- 16.197 nilfs2
- 16.198 normal
- 16.199 ntfs
- 16.200 ntfscomp
- 16.201 ntldr
- 16.202 odc
- 16.203 offsetio
- 16.204 ofnet
- 16.205 ohci
- 16.206 part_acorn
- 16.207 part_amiga
- 16.208 part_apple
- 16.209 part_bsd
- 16.210 part_dfly
- 16.211 part_dvh
- 16.212 part_gpt
- 16.213 part_msdos
- 16.214 part_plan
- 16.215 part_sun
- 16.216 part_sunpc
- 16.217 parttool
- 16.218 password
- 16.219 password_pbkdf2
- 16.220 pata
- 16.221 pbkdf2
- 16.222 pbkdf2_test
- 16.223 pci
- 16.224 pcidump
- 16.225 pgp
- 16.226 plainmount
- 16.227 plan9
- 16.228 play
- 16.229 png
- 16.230 priority_queue
- 16.231 probe
- 16.232 procfs
- 16.233 progress
- 16.234 pubkey
- 16.235 pxe
- 16.236 pxechain
- 16.237 raid5rec
- 16.238 raid6rec
- 16.239 random
- 16.240 rdmsr
- 16.241 read
- 16.242 reboot
- 16.243 regexp
- 16.244 reiserfs
- 16.245 relocator
- 16.246 romfs
- 16.247 rsa_sexp_test
- 16.248 scsi
- 16.249 sdl
- 16.250 search
- 16.251 search_fs_file
- 16.252 search_fs_uuid
- 16.253 search_label
- 16.254 sendkey
- 16.255 serial
- 16.256 setjmp
- 16.257 setjmp_test
- 16.258 setpci
- 16.259 sfs
- 16.260 shift_test
- 16.261 signature_test
- 16.262 sleep
- 16.263 sleep_test
- 16.264 smbios
- 16.265 spkmodem
- 16.266 squash4
- 16.267 strtoull_test
- 16.268 suspend
- 16.269 syslinuxcfg
- 16.270 tar
- 16.271 terminal
- 16.272 terminfo
- 16.273 test
- 16.274 test_blockarg
- 16.275 testload
- 16.276 testspeed
- 16.277 tftp
- 16.278 tga
- 16.279 time
- 16.280 tpm
- 16.281 tr
- 16.282 trig
- 16.283 true
- 16.284 truecrypt
- 16.285 ubootnet
- 16.286 udf
- 16.287 ufs1
- 16.288 ufs1_be
- 16.289 ufs2
- 16.290 uhci
- 16.291 usb
- 16.292 usb_keyboard
- 16.293 usbms
- 16.294 usbserial_common
- 16.295 usbserial_ftdi
- 16.296 usbserial_pl2303
- 16.297 usbserial_usbdebug
- 16.298 usbtest
- 16.299 vbe
- 16.300 verifiers
- 16.301 vga
- 16.302 vga_text
- 16.303 video
- 16.304 video_bochs
- 16.305 video_cirrus
- 16.306 video_colors
- 16.307 video_fb
- 16.308 videoinfo
- 16.309 videotest
- 16.310 videotest_checksum
- 16.311 wrmsr
- 16.312 xen_boot
- 16.313 xfs
- 16.314 xnu
- 16.315 xnu_uuid
- 16.316 xnu_uuid_test
- 16.317 xzio
- 16.318 zfs
- 16.319 zfscrypt
- 16.320 zfsinfo
- 16.321 zstd
17 Available commands
- 17.1 Commands for the menu only
  - 17.1.1 menuentry
  - 17.1.2 submenu
- 17.2 Various loader commands
- 17.3 General commands
- 17.4 Command-line commands
- 17.5 Networking commands
- 17.6 Commands currently undocumented
18 Internationalisation
- 18.1 Charset
- 18.2 Filesystems
- 18.3 Output terminal
- 18.4 Input terminal
- 18.5 Gettext
- 18.6 Regexp
- 18.7 Other
19 Security
- 19.1 Authentication and authorisation in GRUB
- 19.2 Using GPG-style digital signatures in GRUB
- 19.3 Using appended signatures in GRUB
- 19.4 UEFI secure boot and shim support
- 19.5 Embedded information for generation number based revocation
- 19.6 Measuring boot components
- 19.7 Lockdown when booting on a secure setup
- 19.8 TPM2 key protector in GRUB
- 19.9 Signing certificate and hash files
- 19.10 Signing GRUB itself
  - 19.10.1 Signing GRUB for UEFI secure boot
  - 19.10.2 Signing GRUB with an appended signature
- 19.11 Hardening
20 Platform limitations
21 Platform-specific operations
22 Supported boot targets
- 22.1 Boot tests
23 Error messages produced by GRUB
- 23.1 GRUB only offers a rescue shell
- 23.2 Firmware stalls instead of booting GRUB
24 User-space utilities
- 24.1 Invoking grub-install
- 24.2 Invoking grub-mkconfig
- 24.3 Invoking grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2
- 24.4 Invoking grub-mkrelpath
- 24.5 Invoking grub-mkrescue
- 24.6 Invoking grub-mount
- 24.7 Invoking grub-probe
- 24.8 Invoking grub-protect
  - 24.8.1 ’Add’ action
  - 24.8.2 ’Remove’ action
    - 24.8.2.1 Handles for NV index mode
    - 24.8.2.2 Persistent SRK
- 24.9 Invoking grub-script-check
Appendix A How to obtain and build GRUB
Appendix B Reporting bugs
Appendix C Where GRUB will go
Appendix D Copying This Manual
- D.1 GNU Free Documentation License
  - D.1.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
Index

GNU GRUB manual

This is the documentation of GNU GRUB, the GRand Unified Bootloader, a flexible and powerful boot loader program for a wide range of architectures.

• Introduction		Capturing the spirit of GRUB
• Naming convention		Names of your drives in GRUB
• OS-specific notes about grub tools		Some notes about OS-specific behaviour of GRUB tools
• Installation		Installing GRUB on your drive
• Booting		How to boot different operating systems
• Configuration		Writing your own configuration file
• Theme file format		Format of GRUB theme files
• Network		Downloading OS images from a network
• Serial terminal		Using GRUB via a serial line
• Vendor power-on keys		Changing GRUB behaviour on vendor power-on keys
• Images		GRUB image files
• Core image size limitation		GRUB image files size limitations
• Filesystem		Filesystem syntax and semantics
• Interface		The menu and the command-line
• Environment		GRUB environment variables
• Modules		Available modules
• Commands		Available builtin commands
• Internationalisation		Topics relating to language support
• Security		Authentication, authorisation, and signatures
• Platform limitations		Platform-specific limitations
• Platform-specific operations		Platform-specific operations
• Supported kernels		Supported kernels
• Troubleshooting		Error messages produced by GRUB
• User-space utilities		Usage of user-space utilities
• Obtaining and Building GRUB		How to obtain and build GRUB
• Reporting bugs		Where you should send a bug report
• Future		Some future plans on GRUB
• Copying This Manual		Copying This Manual
• Index

GNU GRUB Manual 2.14

Table of Contents

GNU GRUB manual