Applications of CFD

Learning Outcomes

Overview of CFD and fundamental of fluids (4 lectures) • What is CFD, Continuity equation, Navier-Stokes & RANS equations, numerical techniques in CFD,geometry and mesh, data visualization, validation, examples of applications. Boundary layer theory/Two phase flow (2 lectures) • Boundary layer: background of boundary layer theory, law of the wall, flow separation. • Two phase flow: basic physicsandtwo-phase flow applications, two-phase flow regimes, volume of fluid (VOF) model, heat/scalar transport equation. Numerical Procedures in CFD (8 lectures) • Physical flow vs numerical methods, classification of fluid flow equations, finite difference methods, finite volume method, explicit and implicit schemes, properties of numerical methods, solution procedure. Geometry and grid generation (6 hours) •Curve and surface generation. Structured/unstructured grid generation. Grid adaption to flows, e.g. boundary layer mesh. Dynamics mesh. Introduction to using CFD solvers in packages (6 hours) • Review of pressure solvers (e.g. SIMPLE, PISO) for incompressible flows and how they are implemented in typical commercial packages. Examination of various numerical schemes and flow solver strategies available in CFD packages. Practical tips for successful calculations and resolving non-convergence problems. • User programming in CFD packages. Practical turbulence modelling (6 hours) • Derivation of typical one/two-equation turbulence models. Theoretical basis of available turbulence models within CFD solvers. Examination of their strengths and weaknesses when applied to practical engineering problems. The importance of turbulence model choice on accuracy of solution. Comparison with alternative models considering strengths/weaknesses and consideration of future developments such as LES. Interpretation of results (2 hours) • The quality, confidence and trust that can be applied to the results of CFD analysis. Examples of typical validation studies. Revision (2 lecture) Computing Lab Sessions: 2 Assignments (2 hours/week throughout Semester 1) • Assignment 1: Simulation & accuracy of convection and diffusion problems using numerical methods. • Assignment 2. Geometry and grid generation, and RANS solutions of airfoils at a range of incidences up to near stall or stall using a CFD package.

Teaching methods include • Lectures (3/week) • A computing lab session (1/week) • Blackboard tutorials.