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The 1960s are remembered in Britain as a time of dramatic change: political reforms, economic growth, social shifts and cultural freedoms. Sex, drugs, rock and roll; tie-dye, mini skirts and the Beatles. But the 1960s weren’t swinging for everyone. Some people welcomed these changes, but some people resented them: and for some people, life didn’t get better at all. Although many people experienced the decade as one of comfortable prosperity, this masked a decline in the competitiveness of the British economy against its European rivals. Strikes were increasingly common as workers tried to fight for better conditions, and the ‘rediscovery’ of poverty led to panic about inequality, with rising levels of homelessness and unemployment. The end of the British empire led to anxiety about Britain’s place in the world, and increasing levels of immigration led to a rise in racist politics that bitterly divided communities. Women enjoyed more freedoms than before, but still felt ignored and oppressed by male-dominated politics and society. In Northern Ireland, the divided sectarian politics erupted into the Troubles by the end of the decade. And British young people might have enjoyed listening to the Rolling Stones in their university halls; but they were also anxious about the Vietnam War, the Cold War, and their future in a turbulent and uncertain world. This module will explore the complex contradictions that made up Britain in the 1960s.

The 1960s are remembered in Britain as a time of dramatic change: political reforms, economic growth, social shifts and cultural freedoms. Sex, drugs, rock and roll; tie-dye, mini skirts and the Beatles. But the 1960s weren’t swinging for everyone. Some people welcomed these changes, but some people resented them: and for some people, life didn’t get better at all. Although many people experienced the decade as one of comfortable prosperity, this masked a decline in the competitiveness of the British economy against its European rivals. Strikes were increasingly common as workers tried to fight for better conditions, and the ‘rediscovery’ of poverty led to panic about inequality, with rising levels of homelessness and unemployment. The end of the British empire led to anxiety about Britain’s place in the world, and increasing levels of immigration led to a rise in racist politics that bitterly divided communities. Women enjoyed more freedoms than before, but still felt ignored and oppressed by male-dominated politics and society. In Northern Ireland, the divided sectarian politics erupted into the Troubles by the end of the decade. And British young people might have enjoyed listening to the Rolling Stones in their university halls; but they were also anxious about the Vietnam War, the Cold War, and their future in a turbulent and uncertain world. This module will explore the complex contradictions that made up Britain in the 1960s.

Late Antiquity can be narrated as a period of powerful emperors, domineering bishops, and barbarian warlords. In this module we will be looking, instead, at the lives and agency of women during the same period. We look at women’s legal and social status and at how they exercised power, whether in their own right or indirectly as mothers, wives or sisters of powerful men. We investigate how women are portrayed in the sources, from the “good empress” Eusebia to Theodora, the actress turned empress. We discuss how and to what extent Christianity changed the lives of women and think about the effect of war on women. Our case studies will include women from a wide range of social spheres, from a Gaulish girl of humble status who eloped with her boyfriend to Justa Grata Honoria, sister of the emperor Valentinian III, who proposed to Attila the Hun in a bid to escape the control of her brother.

Late Antiquity can be narrated as a period of powerful emperors, domineering bishops, and barbarian warlords. In this module we will be looking, instead, at the lives and agency of women during the same period. We look at women’s legal and social status and at how they exercised power, whether in their own right or indirectly as mothers, wives or sisters of powerful men. We investigate how women are portrayed in the sources, from the “good empress” Eusebia to Theodora, the actress turned empress. We discuss how and to what extent Christianity changed the lives of women and think about the effect of war on women. Our case studies will include women from a wide range of social spheres, from a Gaulish girl of humble status who eloped with her boyfriend to Justa Grata Honoria, sister of the emperor Valentinian III, who proposed to Attila the Hun in a bid to escape the control of her brother.

Late Antiquity can be narrated as a period of powerful emperors, domineering bishops, and barbarian warlords. In this module we will be looking, instead, at the lives and agency of women during the same period. We look at women’s legal and social status and at how they exercised power, whether in their own right or indirectly as mothers, wives or sisters of powerful men. We investigate how women are portrayed in the sources, from the “good empress” Eusebia to Theodora, the actress turned empress. We discuss how and to what extent Christianity changed the lives of women and think about the effect of war on women. Our case studies will include women from a wide range of social spheres, from a Gaulish girl of humble status who eloped with her boyfriend to Justa Grata Honoria, sister of the emperor Valentinian III, who proposed to Attila the Hun in a bid to escape the control of her brother.

In this module we will examine some of the emerging and innovative practices that are occurring in schools, colleges, and Higher Education. We will explore some of the new digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, their impact and how they can be used in teaching. We will also focus on advances in pedagogy such as adopting online approaches to learning or assessment and explore how they are applicable to your own practice.

In this module we will examine some of the emerging and innovative practices that are occurring in schools, colleges, and Higher Education. We will explore some of the new digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, their impact and how they can be used in teaching. We will also focus on advances in pedagogy such as adopting online approaches to learning or assessment and explore how they are applicable to your own practice.

In this module we will examine some of the emerging and innovative practices that are occurring in schools, colleges, and Higher Education. We will explore some of the new digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, their impact and how they can be used in teaching. We will also focus on advances in pedagogy such as adopting online approaches to learning or assessment and explore how they are applicable to your own practice.

England and Wales now imprisons a greater proportion of its population than any other country in Western Europe, the population in custody having doubled in 12 years. Yet the prison population continues to grow.

The criminal justice system more generally, including probation and policing, have been subject to dramatic change over recent decades that have raised fundamental questions including the appropriate role of the state and the private sector in criminal justice, the role of public opinion as a driver of criminal justice policy and the underlying policy factors that have led to the present situation.

The importance of this policy area is illustrated by the high-profile 'crises' and 'scandals' that regularly erupt in the media, including issues relating to prisoner votes, the release of indeterminately-sentenced prisoners, and the failings of private companies to deliver criminal justice services.

This module seeks to cast a spotlight on this troublesome area of law and public policy. It draws upon literature from law, criminology, history, political science and some comparative material to ask where our contemporary penal policy comes from and to speculate on possible futures.

England and Wales now imprisons a greater proportion of its population than any other country in Western Europe, the population in custody having doubled in 12 years. Yet the prison population continues to grow.

The criminal justice system more generally, including probation and policing, have been subject to dramatic change over recent decades that have raised fundamental questions including the appropriate role of the state and the private sector in criminal justice, the role of public opinion as a driver of criminal justice policy and the underlying policy factors that have led to the present situation.

The importance of this policy area is illustrated by the high-profile 'crises' and 'scandals' that regularly erupt in the media, including issues relating to prisoner votes, the release of indeterminately-sentenced prisoners, and the failings of private companies to deliver criminal justice services.

This module seeks to cast a spotlight on this troublesome area of law and public policy. It draws upon literature from law, criminology, history, political science and some comparative material to ask where our contemporary penal policy comes from and to speculate on possible futures.