Maritime Safety: Risk, Environment and Law

Learning Outcomes

Knowledge and Understanding

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:

• Tort law, particularly in relation to obligations placed on those that build and sell ships.
• Probability and statistical theory applied to safety, risk and reliability.
• Principles of environmental impact assessment
• The environmental impact of maritime engineering activities and methods by which the impact can be minimised.
• Safety management principles and practice and importance of ethics.
• Quantitative risk assessment methods and their use as part of the decision-making process in both maritime design and operations.
• Contract law, particularly in relation to contracts of shipbuilding and ship sale.
• Reliability approaches.
• The regulatory framework applicable to ships and their operation and its roots in international law.

Subject Specific Intellectual and Research Skills

Having successfully completed this module you will be able to:

• Solve maritime engineering design and operations in the context of safety and environmental impact within their legal, ethical and regulatory framework, based on fundamental principles and the use of the latest analysis techniques.

Full CEng Programme Level Learning Outcomes

Having successfully completed this module you will be able to:

• The students, as part of the final assessment, must select appropriate risk and reliability methods and justify the appropriateness and limitations.
• Published literature and technical data is at the heart of the risk and reliability analysis.
• The final assessment is specifically designed to deal with risk and reliability of a system
• As part of the final assessment the students are expected to apply their knowledge and understanding of risk and reliability analysis to an engineering system of their choosing.
• The students must select and use appropriate risk and reliability techniques for the analysis of their chosen system.
• The marking scheme for the final assessment explicitly looks for discussion on how the teams have incorporated ED aspects of the group working element.
• In the final assessment students are expected to assess the societal and environmental impacts of their choices of risk and reliability analysis.
• The data for the risk and reliability analysis is obtained from published data and literature which may be incomplete or its basis uncertain, or both! The students need to demonstrate that this is understood and accounted for.
• The final assessment is about designing a risk and reliability process for their chosen system including contract law and risk based design in the context of legal, ethical and societal frameworks

Transferable and Generic Skills

Having successfully completed this module you will be able to:

• Use quantified risk analysis as a framework for solving problems involving uncertainty.

Subject Specific Practical Skills

Having successfully completed this module you will be able to:

• Apply public and private law to reduce and mitigate engineering problems.
• Apply risk analysis techniques to engineering problems.

Partial CEng Programme Level Learning Outcomes

Having successfully completed this module you will be able to:

• The final assessment is about designing a risk and reliability process for their chosen system including contract law and risk based design in the context of legal, ethical and societal frameworks

Introduction to Safety: The role of the engineer will be outlined with regard to the impact on the environment. The importance of safety - human and equipment - and the need to avoid incidents, catastrophic or otherwise. Safety - Legislation: The importance of legislation in improving safety, zones of the seas, the high seas, flag state jurisdiction and piracy. Shipping regulations: SOLAS compliance, MOU, MARPOL, the control of pollution, dumping. Flag state registration: public law regulation and private law functions. Safety - Design and management: Description of terminology and the various stages of assessing design and operating practices. Safety culture - its importance in minimising accidents. Acceptable levels of risk - both society and individual. Perceived and actual risk. The importance of proper planning in response to perceived risk. Lessons for design: fundamental considerations, the use of risk and consequence analysis to carry out cost-benefit analysis. How to improve safety within an organisation. Risk Analysis: Revision of probability and elementary set theory, Venn diagrams etc. More advanced treatment of probabilistic variables - probability density functions and the like. Common distributions, Normal (Gaussian), Log-normal, and Rayleigh. Extreme value distributions. An introduction to quantitative and qualitative risk assessment methods. Deductive and inductive methods. Fault Tree Analysis, Event Tree Analysis, Failure Mode, Effect and Criticality Analysis (FMECA or sometimes FMEA). Minimum cut sets and Fussel-Vesely algorithm. Fuzzy set theory - what it offers to risk analysis. Reliability: How to assess reliability to understand the frequency events might occur. Failure data collection, confidence limits and characteristic values - statistical methods and engineering judgement. Waiting times and interarrival times. Failure probability of series and parallel systems. Poisson process and Markov chains. Contract law: The nature and essential terms of a contract. Understanding expressly agreed and legally implied contractual terms. The Sale of Goods Act. The effect of contract terms on contracts of shipbuilding and ship sale. Tort Law: The Tort of Negligence and nuisance; vicarious liabilities and statutory duties Systems approach to safety and the Environment: Safety and the environment are key concerns for every engineering artefact. Understanding the manner in which safety and environmental impact is ensured through a multi-disciplinary approach explicitly covering the interaction between risk/reliability and legislation.

Learning activities include • Lectures • Interactive tutorials • Directed reading • Coursework

Summative

This is how we’ll formally assess what you have learned in this module.

Referral

This is how we’ll assess you if you don’t meet the criteria to pass this module.