ThermoFluids

Learning Outcomes

Knowledge and Understanding

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:

• a framework for advanced courses by introducing and classifying common engineering applications.
• transition, separation and cavitation.
• The energy conversion processes involving heat, work and energy storage.
• The properties of thermofluid flow and methods of analysis, including conservation principles for mass, momentum and energy.
• concepts of laminar and turbulent flow, boundary layers, bluff body and streamlined flow, transition, separation and cavitation.
• The application of thermodynamic principles to the propulsion of land, sea and air transport and in the generation of power.

Subject Specific Intellectual and Research Skills

Having successfully completed this module you will be able to:

• Understand important thermofluids properties and principles in fluid mechanics.
• Analyse various thermal processes and plant.
• use dimensional analysis in appropriate ways and explain the physical meaning of various non-dimensional parameters.
• assess simple flows and their behaviour from fundamental information such as the value of the Reynolds number and the shape of the body.
• Perform straightforward analysis of examples of mass, momentum and energy conservation.

Transferable and Generic Skills

Having successfully completed this module you will be able to:

• Appreciate sustainability and ethical issues in engineering
• Study and learn independently.
• Solve problems.
• Communicate work in written reports.
• Demonstrate study and time management skills.

Subject Specific Practical Skills

Having successfully completed this module you will be able to:

• Critically analyse results.
• Produce scientific reports describing laboratory experiments.

Part 1 : Tools of the trade (14 lectures)

Part 1.1 : Applied Math Tools (an overview of what should be understood coming into this course)

• Applied maths overview (basic integration, including over surfaces, differentiation, Taylor series, Newton’s Law, some thermodynamic principles

Part 1.2 : Conceptual Principles in Thermofluids

• An extension of A level applied maths/physics (mass, force, acceleration, rates of change, moments), mass, force, acceleration, forms of energy (potential, kinetic, thermal, but not its

conversion), and support this by a definitive nomenclature for the remainder of the course.

• Solids/liquids/gases from a molecular description – first introduction to pressure, theequilibrium state.
• Bulk modulus and compressibility
• The continuum approximation
• Other thermofluid approximations
• Properties of a fluid, and properties of a flow of fluid
• Ideal gases and the gas law (thermodynamic pressure), definitions of heat and work, sign conventions, types of non-flow processes, p-V diagrams, First Law of thermodynamics.
• Convection (bulk transport)
• Diffusion (molecular transport of momentum/shear stress and energy)
• Systems and control volumes, surface flux, the conservation principle.
• Fundamental and derived quantities.
• Intensive and extensive properties.
• Dimensions and units, Dimensional homogeneity.
• The importance of length, velocity, time scales in a problem.
• Present several non-dimensional numbers and explain what they represent in terms of force/ timescale ratios etc and demonstrate how they are used to maintain similarity.
• Buckingham Pi (brief introduction here, used throughout the remainder of the course)

Part 2 : Thermofluid Mechanics

Part 2.1 : Fluid Statics – 4 lectures

• Static pressure, Pascal’s law
• Hydrostatic equation, manometry, and demonstration of potential energy
• Forces on planar and curved gates, moments etc
• Buoyancy and stability
• Non-dimensional analysis.

Part 2.2 : Inviscid Flow/Conservation Equations - 12 lectures

• Streamlines/tubes
• Rotation, vorticity, irrotational flow
• Acceleration, Eulers equation
• Conservation of mass
• Conservation of Energy

– Bernoulli’s equation, cavitation

– flow measurement

– mechanical energy losses, pressure drop in pipes

– Steady flow Energy Equation, nozzles, throttles, heat exchangers etc

– examples

• Conservation of Momentum

– Momentum as a vector quantity

– Force – momentum equation

– Fluid Drag and Wakes

– examples

Part 2.3 : Viscous Flow – 4 lectures

• Couette and Pipe flows
• Streamline flows, bluff bodies, separation
• Boundary layers
• Turbulence

Part 3 : Thermal energy systems (10 lectures)

• Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
• Definition of the heat engine and cycle efficiency.
• The Carnot heat engine.
• Reversed heat engines (heat pump and refrigerator) and coefficient of performance.
• Reversible and irreversible processes. Corollaries of the second law. Definition of entropy and

its use in engineering thermodynamics.

• Entropy change in isothermal and adiabatic processes. Isentropic processes.
• Introduction to cycles. The Otto, Diesel and Brayton cycles and their applications.

Teaching and learning methods

Teaching methods include:

• Lectures and videos of lecture material
• Example problems
• Laboratories
• AV presentations

Learning activities include:

• Directed reading
• Problem solving
• Practical classes

Resources & Reading list

General Resources

Problem books and lab sheets will be provided. Bespoke Textbook Available.

Course notes will be provided..

Assessment strategy

The learning outcomes of this module will be assessed under the Part I Assessment Schedule for FEE Engineering Programmes which forms an Appendix to your Programme Specification.

Feedback will be available on the formative work undertaken during the module.

Summative

This is how we’ll formally assess what you have learned in this module.