The Great Exhibition of 1851 Part one: Art, Industry and the making of a Nation | HIST3225

Module overview

The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations was an international exhibition which took place in Hyde Park, London, from 1st May to 11th October 1851. It was arguably the greatest of a series of international ‘expositions’ run throughout the nineteenth century, celebrating scientific and technological innovation, design aesthetic and the might of manufacturing. On show were some 13,000 objects from Britain, the Colonies and forty-four other nations. The Exhibition and the Crystal Palace which housed it became a British icon, symbolising free trade and national success. During its six month opening period, over six million people visited the Exhibition, turning London, in the words of the Illustrated London News, from ‘the capital of a great nation, [into] the metropolis of the world’. The effects of the Exhibition were enormous and felt well into the twentieth century and beyond. But why was the Great Exhibition so important? How did it become a turning point for the nation? And what exactly has its legacy been?

Aims and Objectives

Learning Outcomes

Subject Specific Intellectual and Research Skills

Having successfully completed this module you will be able to:

analyse critically a variety of textual, visual and material culture sources
structure your ideas and research findings into well-ordered essays
engage with secondary literature on the Great Exhibition, and contribute to the debates relating to the historiography of Victorian Britain and its relationship to the wider world

Transferable and Generic Skills

Having successfully completed this module you will be able to:

locate and use effective textual, visual and material culture sources in the library and on-line, synthesising this material in order to develop cogent arguments
utilise and develop your time-management skills
research historical questions and communicate your findings convincingly and concisely in written essays and reports

Knowledge and Understanding

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:

the chronology of, and personalities involved with, the Great Exhibition, alongside current historiographical debates surrounding its interpretation;
key examples from the Exhibition itself which you can use to explore a range of phenomena, including the creation of new taxonomies and the Victorian love of commodification
key primary sources and literature, charting the development of the Exhibition, contemporary experiences of it, and reactions to it;
the wider context of industrial change, including global technological advancement, new manufacturing techniques and new approaches to art and design;

Syllabus

In this module we will explore the genesis of the Great Exhibition. We will consider: the climate in which it was established and the exhibitions across Europe which inspired its conception; the work of Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria, and The Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce; the foundation of the Royal Commission; and the technological and artistic advances which the Exhibition aimed to celebrate. We will engage in an analysis of the Exhibition building, nicknamed the Crystal Palace by Punch magazine, exploring its creation, humble beginnings and design innovation. We will experience travelling to the Exhibition, taking advantage of a new travel innovation, the Thomas Cook Tour, and utilising the burgeoning rail network. Finally, we will venture inside the exhibition itself, assessing how the objects on display – ranging from an eighty-blade penknife to a stuffed elephant – incorporated the twin values of science and art. Examining public reaction to the Exhibition through published accounts, newspaper articles, letters, diaries, drawings and prints, we will determine the role played by the Great Exhibition in shaping the world view of Victorian Britain. An indicative list of seminar topics would include -Exposition: the International Exhibition trend -Prince Albert and The Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce -Greenhouses and Water lilies: Building the Crystal Palace -Travelling to the Exhibition: Thomas Cook Tours and trains -Visiting the Exhibition: Opening Day, 1st May 1851 -Inside the Crystal Palace 1: Nation and Empire -Inside the Crystal Palace 2: Foreign Countries -Inside the Crystal Palace 3: Refreshments and souvenirs -Commodity Fetishism: establishing a world view of Victorian Britain?

Learning and Teaching

Teaching and learning methods

Teaching methods include: -short presentations by students -group discussions including feedback from the tutor -detailed reading and analysis of the module texts Learning activities include: -preparatory reading, individual research and study prior to each class -preparing and delivering short presentations relating to specific aspects of the module -studying textual and visual primary sources -participation in group and class discussion In this module learning and teaching activities focus on helping you to explore and investigate the ideas and themes outlined above. Throughout the module you will also engage in directed and self-directed study, for example through pre-seminar reading and through library research. The presentations (by you and your fellow students) and your reading will provide you with a broad overview of the secondary literature, using the bibliography provided at the start of the module. The discussion generated by these presentations will provide you with the opportunity to explore the relevant major historical debates on a weekly basis. In addition, you will study in depth a range of primary written and visual sources, as well as surviving material culture. These sessions will allow you to prepare for the essay and examination exercises. Feedback on your progress and development will be given via seminars and group discussions. Responses from tutor and your fellow students to your presentation will also give you formative feedback.

Study time
Type	Hours
Completion of assessment task	90
Tutorial	1
Wider reading or practice	77
Preparation for scheduled sessions	90
Seminar	42
Total study time	300

Resources & Reading list

Textbooks

Young, Paul (2009). Globalization and the Great Exhibition: The Victorian New World Order. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Gibbs-Smith, C. H. (1951). The Great Exhibition of 1851. London: HMSO.

Purbrick, Louise (2001). The Great Exhibition of 1851: new interdisciplinary essays. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Auerbach, Jeffrey A and Peter H Hoffenberg (eds) (2008). Britain, the Empire, and the World at the Great Exhibition of 1851. Aldershot: Ashgate.

Hoffenberg, Peter H. (2001). An Empire on Display: English, Indian and Australian Exhibitions from the Crystal Palace to the Great War. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Babbage, Charles (1851). The exposition of 1851: or, views of the industry, the science, and the government, of England. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street.

Wesemael, Pieter van (2001). Architecture of instruction and delight: a socio-historical analysis of World Exhibitions as a didactic phenomenon (1798-1851-1970). Rotterdam: 010 Publishers.

Greenhalgh, Paul. (1990). Ephemeral Vistas: History of the Expositions Universelles, Great Exhibitions and the World’s Fairs. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Leapman, Michael (2001). The World for a Shilling: How the Great Exhibition of 1851 Shaped a Nation. London: Review.

Gold, John R. and Margaret M. (2005). Cities of culture: Staging international festivals and the urban agenda, 1851-2000. Aldershot: Ashgate.

Assessment

Summative

This is how we’ll formally assess what you have learned in this module.

Breakdown
Method	Percentage contribution
Essay	50%
Written assignment	50%

Referral

This is how we’ll assess you if you don’t meet the criteria to pass this module.

Breakdown
Method	Percentage contribution
Essay	50%
Written assignment	50%

Repeat

An internal repeat is where you take all of your modules again, including any you passed. An external repeat is where you only re-take the modules you failed.

Breakdown
Method	Percentage contribution
Essay	50%
Written assignment	50%

Repeat Information

Repeat type: Internal & External