This module takes an empirical approach to questions such as: - Are there patterns of speech and language associated with males and females in varieties of English? - What is the role of teenagers in the propagation of change in English? - After a certain age are our accents ‘set’ or can we change over our lifespans? - How do migration and language contact lead to the birth of new English dialects? The module provides a comprehensive introduction to the sociolinguistic paradigm – the quantitative approach to linguistic variation. Through reference to seminal studies, as well as recent advances in the field, we examine how social factors such as age, gender, ethnicity and social network etc. impact on patterns of variation and change in English.
In the first part of this module we build on multivariate calculus studied in the first year and extend it to the calculus of scalar and vector functions of several variables. Line, surface and volume integrals are considered and a number of theorems involving these integrals (named after Gauss, Stokes and Green) will be discussed. In particular Green’s theorem, which gives a formula for the line integral of a vector field in the plane round a closed curve, is closely related to complex integration considered in the second part of the module. The integral theorems are also useful in many branches of Applied Mathematics and to describe physical quantities that vary in space and in time. For example, this module is a pre-requisite for MATH2044, Fields and fluids, where these methods are used to describe the behaviour of fluids and of electromagnetic fields. In the second part of this module, we extend our investigation of calculus to functions of a complex variable, once again building on the material studied in the first year. This theory has both great aesthetic appeal and a large number of applications. We focus here on the integration of these functions, particularly along curves in the complex plane. We develop the basic theory and ideas of the integration of a function of a complex variable, use the main theorems such as Cauchy’s theorem and the Cauchy integral formula, and explore some of their consequences, such as the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra and the evaluation of real integrals.
In the first part of this module we build on multivariable calculus studied in the first year and extend it to the calculus of scalar and vector fields. Cartesian as well as curvilinear coordinates are used, and we study gradient, divergence and curl. Line, surface and volume integrals over scalar and vector fields are studied in detail. The most important results are the integral theorems by Stokes and Gauss, which bring together nearly all concepts studied in the first part of the module. As a corollary, Green’s theorem is derived, which is closely related to complex integration considered in the second part of the module. The integral theorems are essential in many branches of Applied Mathematics. For example, this module is a pre-requisite for the module Fields and Fluids, where the techniques learned here are employed to describe the behaviour of fluids and of electromagnetic fields. In the second part of this module, we extend our investigation of calculus to functions of a complex variable, once again building on the material studied in the first year. This theory has both great aesthetic appeal and a large number of applications. We study differentiability of complex functions and then focus on integration along curves in the complex plane, discussing Cauchy's theorem and integral formula. Series expansion of complex functions is developed and then used to classify singularities and define the residue. This leads to the residue theorem, which is employed in many examples, in particular for the evaluation of real integrals. Complex variable theory is crucial for various applications in Applied Mathematics, in particular Theoretical Physics, and elements of it will be used in Fields and Fluids.
This module provides the second year student with the basic concepts of human and other vertebrate animal development. Students will come to understand the main mechanisms behind both animal development and organised cellular differentiation and how these processes are studied. They will also become aware of how various changes in developmental pathways can play a role in human and animal health. Lectures will be accompanied by practicals, some of which involve the use of animal tissue, with alternatives in place if required to meet minimum learning outcomes.
Vertebrates are amongst the most successful animal groups. From fish, amphibians, lizards, crocodiles, birds and mammals, you will gain an understanding how the basal members of the clade have diversified and evolved to fill every imaginable niche on land, sea and air. You will develop an overview of the anatomy, physiology, behaviour and the ecological interactions across this group of vertebrates.
This module provides an in-depth introduction to vestibular audiology, including the anatomy and physiology of the vestibular system within the wider contexts of the systems of eye movement and balance control, the vestibulo-ocular reflex, important pathologies of the vestibular system, the assessment of patients with vestibular orders, the impact of vestibular disorders on people, recovery mechanisms to vestibular disorders and vestibular rehabilitation. This module is available for (i) MSc students taken on campus and (ii) also for CPD students (such as audiologists, physiotherapists and hearing therapists) taken as distance learning. This module profile describes the teaching approach for on-campus students. Potential CPD students should contact the module lead for further information about the separate, specific arrangements for distance learning: dr@soton.ac.uk
Vibration and shock of engineered structures occur due to dynamic loads arising during operation, e.g. in transportation vehicles, motors/generators and buildings. Analytical and numerical prediction tools are required during virtual prototyping to design structures to withstand their in-service loads, whilst experimental techniques are generally applied to scale models, components and assembled structures for model validation, parameter estimation and trouble-shooting purposes. By the end of this module you will have gained an appreciation for commonly occurring vibration and shock phenomena and the predictive and experimental tools available to design and mitigate against them. Whilst focussed on industrial tools of the trade, this module begins briefly with analytical descriptions of beams and plates. Such simple structural components often prove useful qualitative models in practical situations and provide helpful insight into vital concepts. For quantitative predictions, finite element (FE) analysis is universally used to obtain mass and stiffness matrices of distributed and complex structures. FE analysis is introduced briefly but the emphasis is on analysis options available in commercial software for condensing such models, computing modal and harmonic solutions and incorporating damping. Common sources of vibration are discussed, and methods are met for characterising and modelling sources. Two specific and ubiquitous examples are considered in detail: random excitation and rotating machinery. The most commonly used experimental technique is that of transfer function measurement, from which modes of vibration can be inferred. Almost invariably, transfer functions are measured using either an instrumented hammer test or a shaker test, both of which enable the structure to be excited in a controlled and measurable way. Both techniques are discussed in detail, and you will become competent at hammer testing through a practical laboratory. Another type of vibration testing concerns the structural integrity of components and structures that are subjected to large dynamic loads, such as electronic equipment during a rocket launch. Commonly used standards for such tests are outlined, and a visit to a commercial test facility may be possible. The capstone to the module is an investigation in which students select and apply the most appropriate measurement, analysis, simulation and mitigation strategies studied throughout the semester to address a practical problem. The exercise is assessed through a consultancy style report.
This module combines the disciplines of social gerontology, social psychology, and sociology to address the intersection of crime and later life, including experiences of crime and criminal behaviour and social responses to these. It encourages students to challenge stereotypes about older people and their relationship to crime and the criminal justice system. It will use examples from UK and international literature, including a case study from sub-Saharan Africa.
This module combines the disciplines of social gerontology, social psychology, and sociology to address the intersection of crime and later life, including experiences of crime and criminal behaviour and social responses to these. It encourages students to challenge stereotypes about older people and their relationship to crime and the criminal justice system. It will use examples from UK and international literature.
This module primarily explores questions of video game ontology
This module will introduce you to the social, political and cultural history of Vienna and Berlin in the 20th century, German using a wide range of sources which will include literature, film and architecture. Topics covered may include the following: - The emergence of Vienna and Berlin and modern metropolises - Modernist culture in Vienna and Berlin - Jewish life in Vienna - The post-war division of Berlin and its aftermath - The legacy of the the Holocaust in post-war Berlin and Vienna
