Applied Knowledge B

Learning Outcomes

Learning Outcomes

Having successfully completed this module you will be able to:

• Demonstrate a sound understanding of the principles of metabolism
• Explain the key functions of specified hormones and link these to effects of endocrine disorders
• Perform accurate drug calculations for doses, volumes, amounts, concentrations, dilutions and ratio strengths
• Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of muscle physiology
• Describe applications of genetic manipulation and engineering
• Describe, calculate and analyse probability using percentages, ratios, decimals, fractions and verbal descriptors.
• Demonstrate a sound understanding of the concepts of pH, acid-base balance, drug ionisation and buffer systems
• Demonstrate an understanding of the mechanisms of respiration and blood gas transport
• Demonstrate a sound understanding of the principles of genetic disease and genetic testing
• Demonstrate by reference to specific examples an understanding of homeostasis
• Explain the structure and function of the renal system
• Outline the structure and function of the human nervous system and the principles of neurophysiology
• Demonstrate understanding and appropriate use of anatomical terminology in relation to the structure and organisation of the head, neck, pelvis and urinary systems.

In order to meet the learning outcomes, the syllabus will contain teaching in the following areas: • Principles of energetics, metabolism and metabolic pathways; Key aspects of metabolism, overview of key metabolic pathways, their integration and control. - Anatomy - Anatomical terminology of regions of the body, with a focus on the abdomen, pelvis, head, neck and nervous system. - Homeostasis - Concepts and mechanisms involved in regulation of the internal environment with examples of homeostatic imbalance. • Structural organisation and function of the human nervous system Structure and function of the CNS and PNS. Neurogenesis and neural regeneration. Neuropathies and primary demyelinating diseases. • Neurophysiology: Resting membrane potentials, graded potentials and action potentials. Examples of NS infections. Types and characteristics of synapses. Transmission at synapses. Examples of common neurotransmitters and drug interactions at synapses. Characteristics and components of a reflex. Characteristics and control of the autonomic nervous system. Comparison of the structure and function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Drug action e.g. beta blockers and sympathomimetics. Levels of hierarchy of somatic motor control. Neuronal pathways and tracts, neural integration. Structures and features of the main regions of the brain, features and possible causes of common brain disorders. • Muscle Physiology: Characteristics, function and features of muscle types and the neuromuscular junction. Micro-organisation of skeletal muscle and events of muscle contraction. Muscle twitch and tetanus, isotonic and isometic contraction. Muscle tone and fatigue. Examples of muscle disorders. • Renal Physiology: Structure and function of the urinary system. Structure and roles of nephrons and regulation of GFR. Body fluids, compartments and balance and renal regulation of osmolality. Action of diuretics. Possible causes of abnormal urinary constituents. • Endocrine Physiology: Key glands, secretions and actions of the endocrine system. Key differences and similarities between the nervous and endocrine system. Regulation of blood glucose, diabetes type I and II and ketoacidosis. Thyroid and parathyroid hormones, abnormal thyroid conditions. Hormonal regulation of calcium, causes and consequences of abnormal calcium levels. Hormones of the adrenal glands, control of regulation, response to stress, consequences of over and under secretion. Roles of interrelationship of hypothalamus and pituitary gland. • Genetics: Regulation of gene expression and gene mutation. Genetic inheritance. Genetic engineering and gene therapy. • Acid Base Balance: pH of body fluids, buffers, pka and ionisation of drugs, acid base regulation, arterial blood gases. Metabolic and respiratory acidosis and alkalosis. • Blood Gas Transport: Diffusion of gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood, factors affecting blood gas transport. Causes and consequences of anaemia. • Respiratory mechanisms: Basic mechanisms and muscles involved in lung expansion and contraction. Pulmonary ventilation.

The module will be taught through a range of learning and teaching strategies which will include: • Lectures • Tutorials • Practical sessions • Guided self-study • Clinical scenarios • Group work • eLearning

Formative

This is how we’ll give you feedback as you are learning. It is not a formal test or exam.

Synoptic exam

• Assessment Type: Formative
• Feedback: Marked, with feedback session
• Final Assessment:
• Group Work: No

Summative

This is how we’ll formally assess what you have learned in this module.

Referral

This is how we’ll assess you if you don’t meet the criteria to pass this module.