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In this module you will explore and explain patterns of global biodiversity over space and time, affecting a wide variety of lineages. We will begin as 18th century natural historians, considering the impact of new discoveries, due to the invention of the microscope and a growing fossil record, which led Charles Darwin to propose a tree of life and evolution through natural selection as the mechanism for descent with modification.

We will then consider the impact of the work of Mendel to explain the process of inheritance, followed by the discovery of the structure of DNA and the mechanism of genetic inheritance within the cell. This will allow us to consider biodiversity from the perspective of Neo-Darwinists, following the modern synthesis at the start of the twentieth century, with an appreciation of the effect of selection at different ecological levels, from cells to individuals to populations to communities to ecosystem level.

We will end as 21st century biologists, applying what we have learned about evolution and ecology to investigating and understanding the world around us, using the present to explain the past and the future. We will apply our knowledge of population and ecosystem level effects to explain longer term evolutionary ecology trends, including predicting future changes.

This module will provide an insight into the engineering based problems faced in orthopaedic biomechanics, through a detailed study of intact lower limb and the lower limb pre- and post- total joint replacement. You will gain an understanding of the structure of bone from the micro scale through to the full construct level, the major bones and tissues in the lower limb, their structure property relationships, and their kinematics. This knowledge will underpin your understanding of the replaced joint and its function, from an engineering perspective and from a surgical perspective. Finally, you will learn about the modes of failure of the replaced joint, and what can be done to prevent failure based on clinical experience, materials selection and design.

This module will provide an insight into the engineering based problems faced in orthopaedic biomechanics, through a detailed study of intact lower limb and the lower limb pre- and post- total joint replacement. You will gain an understanding of the structure of bone from the micro scale through to the full construct level, the major bones and tissues in the lower limb, their structure property relationships, and their kinematics. This knowledge will underpin your understanding of the replaced joint and its function, from an engineering perspective and from a surgical perspective. Finally, you will learn about the modes of failure of the replaced joint, and what can be done to prevent failure based on clinical experience, materials selection and design.

This module will provide an insight into the engineering based problems faced in orthopaedic biomechanics, through a detailed study of intact lower limb and the lower limb pre- and post- total joint replacement. You will gain an understanding of the structure of bone from the micro scale through to the full construct level, the major bones and tissues in the lower limb, their structure property relationships, and their kinematics. This knowledge will underpin your understanding of the replaced joint and its function, from an engineering perspective and from a surgical perspective. Finally, you will learn about the modes of failure of the replaced joint, and what can be done to prevent failure based on clinical experience, materials selection and design.

This module will provide an insight into the engineering based problems faced in orthopaedic biomechanics, through a detailed study of intact lower limb and the lower limb pre- and post- total joint replacement. You will gain an understanding of the structure of bone from the micro scale through to the full construct level, the major bones and tissues in the lower limb, their structure property relationships, and their kinematics. This knowledge will underpin your understanding of the replaced joint and its function, from an engineering perspective and from a surgical perspective. Finally, you will learn about the modes of failure of the replaced joint, and what can be done to prevent failure based on clinical experience, materials selection and design.

This module will provide an insight into the engineering based problems faced in orthopaedic biomechanics, through a detailed study of intact lower limb and the lower limb pre- and post- total joint replacement. You will gain an understanding of the structure of bone from the micro scale through to the full construct level, the major bones and tissues in the lower limb, their structure property relationships, and their kinematics. This knowledge will underpin your understanding of the replaced joint and its function, from an engineering perspective and from a surgical perspective. Finally, you will learn about the modes of failure of the replaced joint, and what can be done to prevent failure based on clinical experience, materials selection and design.

This module will provide an insight into the engineering based problems faced in orthopaedic biomechanics, through a detailed study of intact lower limb and the lower limb pre- and post- total joint replacement. You will gain an understanding of the structure of bone from the micro scale through to the full construct level, the major bones and tissues in the lower limb, their structure property relationships, and their kinematics. This knowledge will underpin your understanding of the replaced joint and its function, from an engineering perspective and from a surgical perspective. Finally, you will learn about the modes of failure of the replaced joint, and what can be done to prevent failure based on clinical experience, materials selection and design.

For most of us, there is nothing more fundamental than our ability to interact with other people. We cooperate and compete in complex ways. Competing and cooperating in these complex ways requires that we understand and respond to many aspects of each other's mental lives. You can often tell whether your friend is happy or angry, or that they believe - perhaps falsely - that the milk is in the fridge. Yet it is hard to understand how we can secure this knowledge of other's mental lives. We cannot know about others' minds in the way that we know about our own. And there is no simple or universal connection between what is on people's minds and how they behave. Moreover we can often not trace our knowledge to any clear or continuous process of conscious reasoning.

In this module we study various theories concerning our knowledge of others' minds. These may include theories as to the epistemology of how we know about others' minds, cognitive theories as to how we come to form the beliefs we do about them, and questions as to how answering the question of how we know about others' minds might relate to our concepts of mentality. Discussion is tied into broader epistemological, cognitive and conceptual questions.

For most of us, there is nothing more fundamental than our ability to interact with other people. We cooperate and compete in complex ways. Competing and cooperating in these complex ways requires that we understand and respond to many aspects of each other's mental lives. You can often tell whether your friend is happy or angry, or that they believe - perhaps falsely - that the milk is in the fridge. Yet it is hard to understand how we can secure this knowledge of other's mental lives. We cannot know about others' minds in the way that we know about our own. And there is no simple or universal connection between what is on people's minds and how they behave. Moreover we can often not trace our knowledge to any clear or continuous process of conscious reasoning.

In this course we study various theories concerning our knowledge of others' minds. These may include theories as to the epistemology of how we know about others' minds, cognitive theories as to how we come to form the beliefs we do about them, and questions as to how answering the question of how we know about others' minds might relate to our concepts of mentality. Discussion is tied into broader epistemological, cognitive and conceptual questions.

For most of us, there is nothing more fundamental than our ability to interact with other people. We cooperate and compete in complex ways. Competing and cooperating in these complex ways requires that we understand and respond to many aspects of each other's mental lives. You can often tell whether your friend is happy or angry, or that they believe - perhaps falsely - that the milk is in the fridge. Yet it is hard to understand how we can secure this knowledge of other's mental lives. We cannot know about others' minds in the way that we know about our own. And there is no simple or universal connection between what is on people's minds and how they behave. Moreover we can often not trace our knowledge to any clear or continuous process of conscious reasoning.

In this course we study various theories concerning our knowledge of others' minds. These may include theories as to the epistemology of how we know about others' minds, cognitive theories as to how we come to form the beliefs we do about them, and questions as to how answering the question of how we know about others' minds might relate to our concepts of mentality. Discussion is tied into broader epistemological, cognitive and conceptual questions.