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This module builds on the knowledge and understanding of sound fields and their generation and propagation that was built up in previous modules. Those fundamental concepts are explored in greater depth to allow them to be applied to a wide variety of practically important systems, such as ducts, rooms and barriers.

The PHYS2022 Physics from Evidence I module consists of three parts: Teaching Lab, Computing Module and Student Conference. The Teaching Lab and Computing Modules run through the first 10 weeks of the semester and the Student Conference is in week 12.

The PHYS2022 Physics from Evidence I module consists of three parts: Teaching Lab, Computing Module and Student Conference. The Teaching Lab and Computing Modules run through the first 10 weeks of the semester and the Student Conference is in week 12.

A wide variety of physics topics is covered, showing the experimental evidence underlying a number of topics in physics encountered in lecture courses and textbooks. Students are also introduced to techniques they might encounter in a physics-related career.

A wide variety of physics topics is covered, showing the experimental evidence underlying a number of topics in physics encountered in lecture courses and textbooks. Students are also introduced to techniques they might encounter in a physics-related career.

A wide variety of physics topics is covered, showing the experimental evidence underlying a number of topics in physics encountered in lecture courses and textbooks. Students are also introduced to techniques they might encounter in a physics-related career.

Starting with a core introduction to the physics of the oceans, we cover processes and budgets involved in the exchange of heat, water and trace chemicals between the atmosphere and ocean. Emphasis is on the role of ocean physics in ocean chemistry and biology - and ultimately the Earth System. Regarding the dynamical character of the seas and oceans, we explain tides, waves and ocean currents - and how objects drift at sea. We also cover important physical phenomena such as optical oceanography and ocean acoustics - and application of this knowledge.

Starting with a core introduction to the physics of the oceans, we cover processes and budgets involved in the exchange of heat, water and trace chemicals between the atmosphere and ocean. Emphasis is on the role of ocean physics in ocean chemistry and biology - and ultimately the Earth System. Regarding the dynamical character of the seas and oceans, we explain tides, waves and ocean currents - and how objects drift at sea. We also cover important physical phenomena such as optical oceanography and ocean acoustics - and application of this knowledge.

The upper atmosphere consists of the outermost layers of Earth's atmosphere, above about 90 km altitude, on the edge of space. It is a very different place to the atmosphere we live in at ground level; temperatures reach extremes of cold (< 200 K) and extremes of hot (> 1000 K), waves cause fluctuations with huge amplitudes compared to the ground level weather, and the wind speed is often many times faster than hurricane force. A part of the upper atmosphere is ionised, forming the ionosphere, allowing electric currents to flow and influencing the propagation of radio waves. Photons emitted from the upper atmosphere are observed as the aurora and airglow.

We now know that the atmospheric layers are much more coupled than previously thought, so things happening in the upper atmosphere can influence energy and momentum transfer in the atmosphere below, and vice-versa. Changes in chemical composition in the upper atmosphere caused by energetic particles from the Sun can also lead to important composition changes in the middle atmosphere, for example in the ozone concentration. Meteorologists are therefore expanding their models into the upper atmosphere to improve forecasts of weather and climate. A rapidly increasing number of spacecraft orbit within the upper atmosphere, and therefore an understanding of its variability and dynamics is vital for a society increasingly dependent on space technology.

This module will provide an overview of the physics and chemistry of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere. Methods for measuring and observing the upper atmosphere will also be introduced, and recent research results will be discussed.