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This module builds upon the preceding 'Anatomy and Physiology' module and delves into the physiological processes that help our bodies to maintain optimal function.
Topics including fluid, electrolyte, and acid/base balance, biochemistry, and metabolism will further your knowledge on the regulation of systems to maintain homeostasis. In addition, you will explore how genetics and genomics, and lifestyle choices around nutrition and physical activity may play a role in health and disease. Finally, you will have opportunity to advance your neuromuscular understanding by learning about pain pathways in the body, and gain an introduction to fundamental and applied aspects of pharmacology.

‘Ancient Greek 1B’ is designed to build on the knowledge acquired by students who have taken ‘Ancient Greek 1A’, but may also be appropriate for those with some previous alternative experience (e.g. a GCSE). The module will improve your ability to read, comprehend, and translate basic ancient Greek with increased speed and fluency. You will expand your knowledge of Greek syntax and grammar, while acquiring a wider range of vocabulary. As well as thinking about best practice when translating (from Greek to English and vice versa), you will start to express your own ideas in written (classical Attic) Greek. By the end of the module, you will have been introduced to the works of several important Greek authors, such as Xenophon and Herodotus; you will also be familiar with critical linguistic and analytic skills that can be applied to the sources you are studying in other modules.

If you are unsure whether you meet the prerequisites for this module, please contact the module lead.

One can plausibly claim that two ancient Greeks, Plato and Aristotle, set the foundations for European philosophy and through it, much of contemporary philosophy. Therefore, a full philosophical education demands some understanding and critical engagement with key aspects of their wide and powerful thought. Plato, Aristotle, and their predecessors, the earliest Greek philosophers, raise fundamental questions and develop the use of argument to address them: What is the nature of reality? Is the world the way we perceive it to be? Is the world constantly changing or always the same? What is it to be a good person? What is the best kind of life for a human being to lead? What is it to know what is good? What is it to know anything, rather than just have a belief? This module will survey the ancient Greeks’ answers to these questions and to what extent they continue to be convincing today.

One can plausibly claim that two ancient Greeks, Plato and Aristotle, set the foundations for European philosophy and through it, much of contemporary philosophy. Therefore, a full philosophical education demands some understanding and critical engagement with key aspects of their wide and powerful thought. Plato, Aristotle, and their predecessors, the earliest Greek philosophers, raise fundamental questions and develop the use of argument to address them: What is the nature of reality? Is the world the way we perceive it to be? Is the world constantly changing or always the same? What is it to be a good person? What is the best kind of life for a human being to lead? What is it to know what is good? What is it to know anything, rather than just have a belief? This module will survey the ancient Greeks’ answers to these questions and to what extent they continue to be convincing today.

One can plausibly claim that two ancient Greeks, Plato and Aristotle, set the foundations for European philosophy and through it, much of contemporary philosophy. Therefore, a full philosophical education demands some understanding and critical engagement with key aspects of their wide and powerful thought. Plato, Aristotle, and their predecessors, the earliest Greek philosophers, raise fundamental questions and develop the use of argument to address them: What is the nature of reality? Is the world the way we perceive it to be? Is the world constantly changing or always the same? What is it to be a good person? What is the best kind of life for a human being to lead? What is it to know what is good? What is it to know anything, rather than just have a belief? This module will survey the ancient Greeks’ answers to these questions and to what extent they continue to be convincing today.

From the legendary tales of the Trojan War up to the conquest of Persia by Alexander the Great, warfare played a central role in ancient Greek history and society. This module allows you to examine ancient Greek warfare from a range of different sources and angles (military, political, social, economic, cultural, and religious), to work with written and material evidence from the Classical Greek period in particular, and to assess the preliminaries, events, and conclusions of major wars, as well as studying the wider impact of warfare on ancient Greek society.

The history of the Classical fifth century BC was dominated by two wars: the Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War. Culminating in the battles of Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea, the Persian Wars and their commemoration loomed large in Greek history and culture for many centuries. They contributed to the self-definition of Greeks vs. others; led to the rise of the Athenian Empire; and Alexander the Great would later set out on his conquest as a Greek war of revenge against the Persians. The Peloponnesian War, on the other hand, centred on the conflict between two Greek city-states, Athens and Sparta, and their respective allies. Their lengthy period of strife reshaped the balance of power in the ancient Greek world, and led to the downfall of the Athenian empire.

The two wars are the main focus of the works written by Herodotus and Thucydides – the former known as the ‘father of history’; the latter commonly praised for his historical approach and considered one of the founding fathers of political realism (international relations). Both authors exerted a significant influence on the writing of history more broadly, and a study of their works not only offers an opportunity to learn about Greek history, warfare, and society in the fifth century BC, but also provides a direct encounter with two of the earliest known historians. The module combines their historical accounts with documentary sources for Greek warfare and society as well as material evidence (including artistic representations of warfare and the study of archaeological sites). In the final part of the course, attention will be paid to the reception of ancient Greek warfare until the modern day.

From the legendary tales of the Trojan War up to the conquest of Persia by Alexander the Great, warfare played a central role in ancient Greek history and society. This module allows you to examine ancient Greek warfare from a range of different sources and angles (military, political, social, economic, cultural, and religious), to work with written and material evidence from the Classical Greek period in particular, and to assess the preliminaries, events, and conclusions of major wars, as well as studying the wider impact of warfare on ancient Greek society.

The history of the Classical fifth century BC was dominated by two wars: the Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War. Culminating in the battles of Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea, the Persian Wars and their commemoration loomed large in Greek history and culture for many centuries. They contributed to the self-definition of Greeks vs. others; led to the rise of the Athenian Empire; and Alexander the Great would later set out on his conquest as a Greek war of revenge against the Persians. The Peloponnesian War, on the other hand, centred on the conflict between two Greek city-states, Athens and Sparta, and their respective allies. Their lengthy period of strife reshaped the balance of power in the ancient Greek world, and led to the downfall of the Athenian empire.

The two wars are the main focus of the works written by Herodotus and Thucydides – the former known as the ‘father of history’; the latter commonly praised for his historical approach and considered one of the founding fathers of political realism (international relations). Both authors exerted a significant influence on the writing of history more broadly, and a study of their works not only offers an opportunity to learn about Greek history, warfare, and society in the fifth century BC, but also provides a direct encounter with two of the earliest known historians. The module combines their historical accounts with documentary sources for Greek warfare and society as well as material evidence (including artistic representations of warfare and the study of archaeological sites). In the final part of the course, attention will be paid to the reception of ancient Greek warfare until the modern day.

The dissertation is a key component of your degree; in it you have a chance to show the skills of analysis and research you have learned during the three years of your programme.

The dissertation is a key component of your degree; in it you have a chance to show the skills of analysis and research you have learned during the three years of your programme.

A basic appreciation of the cultural phases and events that took place in the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean region from Prehistory to Late Antiquity will be assumed as a prerequisite of the module. With this in hand a thorough examination of the maritime aspects of a region that from earliest times depended to a greater or lesser extent, upon riverine and sea-going craft as a means of communication and exchange, will be undertaken. The module will essentially be approached chronologically from the earliest evidence for seafaring in prehistory to late antique times. Within this approach particular themes relating to seafaring, maritime trade and communication will be explored and the problems and challenges of interpreting the available evidence examined. Issues concerning patterns of geomorphological and sea-level change and maritime conditions of the region will be addressed, together with the evidence for harbours and shipwrecks, vessels and patterns of trade, navigation and maritime landscapes and how these changed over time in the Mediterranean and beyond. These themes will be examined comprehensively through case studies and examples, and maritime artefacts and images will also be considered.