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Between the late eighteenth and early twentieth centuries a powerful new idea emerged in the West: race. According to this ideology, human beings could be divided into biological groups - ‘races’ - determining both moral character and intellectual ability. Ideas of race were particularly powerful in the United States: white Americans constantly proclaimed their own racial superiority in order to justify racial slavery, the removal of American Indians from their homelands, and the segregation and disenfranchisement of African Americans. Whites, however, did not have a monopoly on racial thought; African American intellectuals had their own ideas about race, celebrating African history and championing black culture. This module will trace the development of racial thought in the United States between the American Revolution and World War I, examining the relationship between culture, politics, and society. Throughout the module we will also look at ideas of class and gender and consider their relationship to the concept of race. Why were working-class northerners seen as especially racist by contemporaries? And how did the lynching of black men help to subordinate white women?

Part 2 will pick up the story with the Civil War, the emancipation of the enslaved, and the subsequent reconstruction of the South. We will look at the ways in which race was used to justify the segregation, disenfranchisement, and lynching of African Americans. We will also examine: the work of African American intellectuals who expressed pride in black culture; the white fascination with “voodoo”; the use of race to advocate as well as condemn American imperialism; the ways in which race figured in the early-twentieth- century eugenics movement.

Between the late eighteenth and early twentieth centuries a powerful new idea emerged in the West: race. According to this ideology, human beings could be divided into biological groups - ‘races’ - determining both moral character and intellectual ability. Ideas of race were particularly powerful in the United States: white Americans constantly proclaimed their own racial superiority in order to justify racial slavery, the removal of American Indians from their homelands, and the segregation and disenfranchisement of African Americans. Whites, however, did not have a monopoly on racial thought; African American intellectuals had their own ideas about race, celebrating African history and championing black culture. This module will trace the development of racial thought in the United States between the American Revolution and World War I, examining the relationship between culture, politics, and society. Throughout the module we will also look at ideas of class and gender and consider their relationship to the concept of race. Why were working-class northerners seen as especially racist by contemporaries? And how did the lynching of black men help to subordinate white women?

Part 2 will pick up the story with the Civil War, the emancipation of the enslaved, and the subsequent reconstruction of the South. We will look at the ways in which race was used to justify the segregation, disenfranchisement, and lynching of African Americans. We will also examine: the work of African American intellectuals who expressed pride in black culture; the white fascination with “voodoo”; the use of race to advocate as well as condemn American imperialism; the ways in which race figured in the early-twentieth- century eugenics movement.

This module will be first offered in the 2018/19 academic year.

To present the fundamental principles and engineering techniques used in the design and operation of radar and to relate them to the current and future aerospace applications.

This module will be first offered in the 2018/19 academic year.

To present the fundamental principles and engineering techniques used in the design and operation of radar and to relate them to the current and future aerospace applications.

The seventeenth century was a time of extreme change and political instability in England. In 1649, after years of civil war, Charles I, the King of England, was beheaded on Whitehall in front of a crowd of thousands. England, overnight, became a republic and then, under Oliver Cromwell, a Protectorate. In 1660, it all changed again when Charles II came home from exile and monarchy was restored. This module explores how English men and women wrote about their world as it was turning upside down. Robert Herrick wrote poems about illicit pleasures while Katherine Philips mourned her dead king, lamenting 'this scorching age'. Andrew Marvell wrote panegyrics for Oliver Cromwell and William Davenant staged England's first ever opera, despite the government’s ban on playgoing, drinking and ‘such like wickedness and abominations’. And when John Milton saw the English republic fall apart, he sat down to write his masterpiece, Paradise Lost. Political pamphlets and newspapers flourished, radical religious sects such as the Quakers were born, and men and women prophesied about the state of the country, and their uncertain future.

The seventeenth century was a time of extreme change and political instability in England. In 1649, after years of civil war, Charles I, the King of England, was beheaded on Whitehall in front of a crowd of thousands. England, overnight, became a republic and then, under Oliver Cromwell, a Protectorate. In 1660, it all changed again when Charles II came home from exile and monarchy was restored. This module explores how English men and women wrote about their world as it was turning upside down. Robert Herrick wrote poems about illicit pleasures while Katherine Philips mourned her dead king, lamenting 'this scorching age'. Andrew Marvell wrote panegyrics for Oliver Cromwell and William Davenant staged England's first ever opera, despite the government’s ban on playgoing, drinking and ‘such like wickedness and abominations’. And when John Milton saw the English republic fall apart, he sat down to write his masterpiece, Paradise Lost. Political pamphlets and newspapers flourished, radical religious sects such as the Quakers were born, and men and women prophesied about the state of the country, and their uncertain future.

For the United States, the turn of the twentieth century was a turbulent, transformative time: an age of embattled political parties and insurgent Populists, mass immigration and overseas war, millionaire capitalists and impoverished farmers, all set to the ragged rhythms of African-American popular music (otherwise known as Ragtime). If this sounds familiar, it is because it is: the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries set the template for American life as we know it. The turn of the century witnessed the rebirth of a nation devastated by bloody civil war. In this module, we will look at some of the most important issues of the day, including the wars waged against guerrilla fighters in the Philippines and American Indians in the West, the fight for women’s rights and the campaign for prohibition, the rise of populist politics, the growth of mass consumerism, the segregation and disenfranchisement of African Americans in the South, and the emergence of black ghettoes in the North. Proceeding thematically, rather than chronologically, the module looks at the period 1877 to 1920 from a number of different angles, considering the ways in which ideas of class, gender, and race helped to shape the rebuilding of the United States. Throughout, we will examine the impact of this process of national reconstruction upon American life and thought. Americans were troubled and excited in equal measure as small towns, Victorian values, and comforting familiarity gave way to big cities, political radicalism, and the fevered squall of the jazz trumpet.

For the United States, the turn of the twentieth century was a turbulent, transformative time: an age of embattled political parties and insurgent Populists, mass immigration and overseas war, millionaire capitalists and impoverished farmers, all set to the ragged rhythms of African-American popular music (otherwise known as Ragtime). If this sounds familiar, it is because it is: the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries set the template for American life as we know it. The turn of the century witnessed the rebirth of a nation devastated by bloody civil war. In this module, we will look at some of the most important issues of the day, including the wars waged against guerrilla fighters in the Philippines and American Indians in the West, the fight for women’s rights and the campaign for prohibition, the rise of populist politics, the growth of mass consumerism, the segregation and disenfranchisement of African Americans in the South, and the emergence of black ghettoes in the North. Proceeding thematically, rather than chronologically, the module looks at the period 1877 to 1920 from a number of different angles, considering the ways in which ideas of class, gender, and race helped to shape the rebuilding of the United States. Throughout, we will examine the impact of this process of national reconstruction upon American life and thought. Americans were troubled and excited in equal measure as small towns, Victorian values, and comforting familiarity gave way to big cities, political radicalism, and the fevered squall of the jazz trumpet.

This module provides comprehensive coverage of the main features of railway engineering and operations, including topics ranging from system planning through to the impacts of noise and vibration. During the module students will develop an appreciation of the distinctive features of engineering in the railway context, while also making links with more general engineering and transport planning practice. The module will combine theoretical analysis with practical applications to allow students to understand how railway engineering and operational principles are used in the real world. The module takes advantage of the University of Southampton’s substantial experience and expertise in railway research, and will make use of case studies based on recent and ongoing research projects.

This module provides comprehensive coverage of the main features of railway engineering and operations, including topics ranging from system planning through to the impacts of noise and vibration. During the module students will develop an appreciation of the distinctive features of engineering in the railway context, while also making links with more general engineering and transport planning practice. The module will combine theoretical analysis with practical applications to allow students to understand how railway engineering and operational principles are used in the real world. The module takes advantage of the University of Southampton’s substantial experience and expertise in railway research, and will make use of case studies based on recent and ongoing research projects.