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Most of current crises and conflicts have their roots in the history of empires – from the invasion of Ukraine by Russia to the wars in the Middle East. This module will introduce you to the ways in which empires shape our understanding of the ‘Other,’ through the example of the modern Jewish experience. It will enable you to understand the evolving political, socio-economic and legal position of Jews in the British and French colonial empires from the late 18th century to today.
This module will provoke you to think about questions such as: How has otherness been constructed in Western Europe from the late 18th century to today? How did race and religion intersect in modern Western European empires? What was the interplay between antisemitism and colonialism? What role did Jews play as both agents and subjects of empire? How did colonisation and decolonisation impact past and present migration patterns?
We will examine the construction of the imperial Other and Jewish responses to othering, including migration and Zionism. The module will also decentre narratives of the Holocaust and look at its non-western European context. We will analyse the complex relations between Jews, the imperial state and local populations, enabling you to gain a critical understanding of how contemporary debates on Muslim-Jewish relations in Europe emerged.
By engaging with a wide variety of textual and visual sources – legal documents and press but also travelogues, films, petitions, caricatures, and art – we will unpack the relationship between Jews and empires and get acquainted with key concepts in the study of empires.

Most of current crises and conflicts have their roots in the history of empires – from the invasion of Ukraine by Russia to the wars in the Middle East. This module will introduce you to the ways in which empires shape our understanding of the ‘Other,’ through the example of the modern Jewish experience. It will enable you to understand the evolving political, socio-economic and legal position of Jews in the British and French colonial empires from the late 18th century to today.
This module will provoke you to think about questions such as: How has otherness been constructed in Western Europe from the late 18th century to today? How did race and religion intersect in modern Western European empires? What was the interplay between antisemitism and colonialism? What role did Jews play as both agents and subjects of empire? How did colonisation and decolonisation impact past and present migration patterns?
We will examine the construction of the imperial Other and Jewish responses to othering, including migration and Zionism. The module will also decentre narratives of the Holocaust and look at its non-western European context. We will analyse the complex relations between Jews, the imperial state and local populations, enabling you to gain a critical understanding of how contemporary debates on Muslim-Jewish relations in Europe emerged.
By engaging with a wide variety of textual and visual sources – legal documents and press but also travelogues, films, petitions, caricatures, and art – we will unpack the relationship between Jews and empires and get acquainted with key concepts in the study of empires.

Most of current crises and conflicts have their roots in the history of empires – from the invasion of Ukraine by Russia to the wars in the Middle East. This module will introduce you to the ways in which empires shape our understanding of the ‘Other,’ through the example of the modern Jewish experience. It will enable you to understand the evolving political, socio-economic and legal position of Jews in the British and French colonial empires from the late 18th century to today.
This module will provoke you to think about questions such as: How has otherness been constructed in Western Europe from the late 18th century to today? How did race and religion intersect in modern Western European empires? What was the interplay between antisemitism and colonialism? What role did Jews play as both agents and subjects of empire? How did colonisation and decolonisation impact past and present migration patterns?
We will examine the construction of the imperial Other and Jewish responses to othering, including migration and Zionism. The module will also decentre narratives of the Holocaust and look at its non-western European context. We will analyse the complex relations between Jews, the imperial state and local populations, enabling you to gain a critical understanding of how contemporary debates on Muslim-Jewish relations in Europe emerged.
By engaging with a wide variety of textual and visual sources – legal documents and press but also travelogues, films, petitions, caricatures, and art – we will unpack the relationship between Jews and empires and get acquainted with key concepts in the study of empires.

Most of current crises and conflicts have their roots in the history of empires – from the invasion of Ukraine by Russia to the wars in the Middle East. This module will introduce you to the ways in which empires shape our understanding of the ‘Other,’ through the example of the modern Jewish experience. It will enable you to understand the evolving political, socio-economic and legal position of Jews in the Russian and Soviet continental empires, from the late 18th century to its collapse.
The module will provoke you to think about questions such as: How did the Russian empire and Soviet Union deal with religious and ethnic difference? How did modernisation interplay with imperialism and antisemitism? How did Jews negotiate their identity in the Russian and Soviet empires?
We will examine the construction of the imperial Other and the way the Russian and Soviet power responded to the so-called ‘Jewish question’ from the end of the 18th century to Stalin. We will also analyse the Jewish responses to othering, including assimilation, migration and nationalisms. We will explore the complex relations between Jews, the imperial state and local populations, complicating your understanding of anti-Jewish violence and antisemitism in Eastern Europe. The module will decentre narratives of the Holocaust and look at its eastern European context.
By engaging with a wide variety of textual and visual sources – legal documents and press but also petitions, films, petitions, caricatures, and art – we will unpack the relationship between Jews and empires and get acquainted with key concepts in the study of empires.

Most of current crises and conflicts have their roots in the history of empires – from the invasion of Ukraine by Russia to the wars in the Middle East. This module will introduce you to the ways in which empires shape our understanding of the ‘Other,’ through the example of the modern Jewish experience. It will enable you to understand the evolving political, socio-economic and legal position of Jews in the Russian and Soviet continental empires, from the late 18th century to its collapse.
The module will provoke you to think about questions such as: How did the Russian empire and Soviet Union deal with religious and ethnic difference? How did modernisation interplay with imperialism and antisemitism? How did Jews negotiate their identity in the Russian and Soviet empires?
We will examine the construction of the imperial Other and the way the Russian and Soviet power responded to the so-called ‘Jewish question’ from the end of the 18th century to Stalin. We will also analyse the Jewish responses to othering, including assimilation, migration and nationalisms. We will explore the complex relations between Jews, the imperial state and local populations, complicating your understanding of anti-Jewish violence and antisemitism in Eastern Europe. The module will decentre narratives of the Holocaust and look at its eastern European context.
By engaging with a wide variety of textual and visual sources – legal documents and press but also petitions, films, petitions, caricatures, and art – we will unpack the relationship between Jews and empires and get acquainted with key concepts in the study of empires.

Most of current crises and conflicts have their roots in the history of empires – from the invasion of Ukraine by Russia to the wars in the Middle East. This module will introduce you to the ways in which empires shape our understanding of the ‘Other,’ through the example of the modern Jewish experience. It will enable you to understand the evolving political, socio-economic and legal position of Jews in the Russian and Soviet continental empires, from the late 18th century to its collapse.
The module will provoke you to think about questions such as: How did the Russian empire and Soviet Union deal with religious and ethnic difference? How did modernisation interplay with imperialism and antisemitism? How did Jews negotiate their identity in the Russian and Soviet empires?
We will examine the construction of the imperial Other and the way the Russian and Soviet power responded to the so-called ‘Jewish question’ from the end of the 18th century to Stalin. We will also analyse the Jewish responses to othering, including assimilation, migration and nationalisms. We will explore the complex relations between Jews, the imperial state and local populations, complicating your understanding of anti-Jewish violence and antisemitism in Eastern Europe. The module will decentre narratives of the Holocaust and look at its eastern European context.
By engaging with a wide variety of textual and visual sources – legal documents and press but also petitions, films, petitions, caricatures, and art – we will unpack the relationship between Jews and empires and get acquainted with key concepts in the study of empires.

Where did the idea of ‘English Literature’ as we know it today come from? When and how did writers first start thinking of themselves as English authors? How did the mechanisms of book production and the material forms of books shape readers’ understanding and judgements of literary texts? This module will focus on the fourteenth through to the seventeenth centuries, a period in which writers invented and wrote themselves into literary traditions, made new, bold claims for English as a literary language and for their own literary art, and crafted new poetic, dramatic and prose forms. In so doing, they profoundly shaped later generations’ understanding of what English Literature is. But creating an idea of what English Literature is also involves forming an opinion about what it is not, and the module will encourage you to consider how literary traditions are created selectively, to think about inevitable silences and exclusions, and to reflect on how ‘English Literature’ is an invention, and how it might be constructed differently.

Where did the idea of ‘English Literature’ as we know it today come from? When and how did writers first start thinking of themselves as English authors? How did the mechanisms of book production and the material forms of books shape readers’ understanding and judgements of literary texts? This module will focus on the fourteenth through to the seventeenth centuries, a period in which writers invented and wrote themselves into literary traditions, made new, bold claims for English as a literary language and for their own literary art, and crafted new poetic, dramatic and prose forms. In so doing, they profoundly shaped later generations’ understanding of what English Literature is. But creating an idea of what English Literature is also involves forming an opinion about what it is not, and the module will encourage you to consider how literary traditions are created selectively, to think about inevitable silences and exclusions, and to reflect on how ‘English Literature’ is an invention, and how it might be constructed differently.

The knight is one of the most emblematic figures of the Middle Ages, a rich and multifaceted character: from the warrior whose privileged social status was justified by the exercise of violence to the gentleman who embraced a sophisticated aristocratic court culture. In this module, we will examine what shaped the ethics of these knights, what influenced their conduct and their state of mind, paying particular attention to the gap between the ideals of the knights' code of conduct and the reality of their lives (1100-1500). This exploration of elite culture will focus not only on the harsh realities of the battlefield in local wars and in more distant lands where knights pursued the crusading ideals, but also on aristocratic displays in tournaments, ceremonies, (extravagant) banquets and acts of devotion. This module is also a journey into gender identity (virility) and the social order dominated by the image of the preudhomme ('worthy man'). To carry out this investigation, we will use a wide variety of sources and media such as treatises on chivalry, chronicles, Arthurian novels, biographies, legal proceedings, statutes of the orders of chivalry, contracts of brotherhood in arms, books of tournaments and, of course, a Round Table.

This module examines a broad range of torts protecting a variety of different interests. The module begins by situating the law of torts in relation to the broad principles underpinning contract and criminal law; introduces you briefly to the broad range of torts, and then focuses on the fundamental principles of liability with particular reference to negligence. Other torts (e.g., nuisance) are considered, as are current issues of particular difficulty and importance in respect of tort law.

You will be encouraged to consider and evaluate the role, nature, and functions of tort law, as well as its technical rules.