Emeritus Professor George Attard

• the primary focus of my research is on understanding the fundamental properties and behaviour of complex chemical systems;
• the discovery that certain types of naturally-occuring glycosides, when formulated to produce self-assembled nanoparticles are potent modulators of immune responses;
• the discovery that lyotropic liquid crystalline phases can be used as templates for the synthesis of nanostructured mesoporous oxides, semiconductors and metals, which led to the foundation of Nanotecture PLC, a University spin-out;
• the discovery that dsDNA partitions spontaneously into the inverse hexagonal phases of lipids and is transcriptionally active; this was the basis for the EC-funded NEONUCLEI programme that I co-ordinated;
• demonstrating that biomembrane stored curvature elastic energy plays a key role in regulating membrane-bound proteins and in controlling lipid biosynthetic networks;

The primary focus of my research is on understanding the fundamental properties and behaviour of complex chemical systems. I have worked on self-organised/assembled systems throughout my career and have established a strong track record of discovery and innovation. Examples of this include:

• the discovery that certain types of naturally-occuring glycosides, when formulated to produce self-assembled nanoparticles are potent modulators of immune responses .

• the discovery that lyotropic liquid crystalline phases can be used as templates for the synthesis of nanostructured mesoporous oxides, semiconductors and metals , which led to the foundation of Nanotecture PLC, a University spin-out.

• the discovery that dsDNA partitions spontaneously into the inverse hexagonal phases of lipids and is transcriptionally active; this was the basis for the EC-funded NEONUCLEI programme that I co-ordinated.

• demonstrating that biomembrane stored curvature elastic energy plays a key role in regulating membrane-bound proteins and in controlling lipid biosynthetic networks .

• I am the named inventor on eleven patent (PCT) applications

My most recent research has been concerned with elucidating the way in which cells control their lipid biosynthetic networks. By using extensive experimental lipidomic data sets from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, coupled with data driven modelling, we have identified the signature in vivo of network control by biomembrane stored curvature elastic energy. This is a significant result as it is the first report of a biochemical network being controlled by a non-chemical feedback signal.

My current projects are concerned with how to tackle, understand and control complex chemical systems. For example, we have engaged in an extensive investigation of the ferroin-catalysed Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, and have mapped its complicated dynamic behaviour over a wide range of reaction conditions in both stirred and unstirred systems. We have used computational techniques to identify possible reaction networks that are consistent with these data. The aim of this work is to understand how the dynamics of the B reaction are affected by molecular crowding and by reduced dimensionality (e.g. through confinement in nanostructures) – both of which are features of biological systems. A separate project is concerned with setting up experimental systems that can produce artificial reaction networks that in terms of network metrics are indistinguishable from those observed in living systems. The aim of this work is to generate a collection of reaction systems that, though highly complex, are well defined and can be used as model systems to understand how to interact and control biological reaction networks.