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Humans are holobionts: we harbour and live in close association with unique microbial populations of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. These microbial communities that inhabit our mouth, skin or gut are vital for maintaining a robust immune system, a healthy gut, a resilient skin barrier and even a healthy brain. Indeed, the intestinal microbiome signals to the brain and can influence a vast range of neuronal functions and well as neurological disorders. But the term “holobiont” is not limited to humans and other animals. Microbes also establish key associations with plants and a healthy plant microbiome is crucial for the development and growth of healthy crops. Furthermore, human health is interlinked with plant and ecosystem health and dependent on the presence of unique, diverse, and healthy microbiomes across different scales.

This module will provide students with a deep understanding of host-associated microbial communities and their contribution to health, but also the implications in various diseases. Novel techniques and methods for microbiome analysis will be presented and explored. Lastly, we will discuss how the microbiome links human to plant and planetary health and the potential of microbiome-based solutions to improve health and solve major environmental challenges.

Humans are holobionts: we harbour and live in close association with unique microbial populations of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. These microbial communities that inhabit our mouth, skin or gut are vital for maintaining a robust immune system, a healthy gut, a resilient skin barrier and even a healthy brain. Indeed, the intestinal microbiome signals to the brain and can influence a vast range of neuronal functions and well as neurological disorders. But the term “holobiont” is not limited to humans and other animals. Microbes also establish key associations with plants and a healthy plant microbiome is crucial for the development and growth of healthy crops. Furthermore, human health is interlinked with plant and ecosystem health and dependent on the presence of unique, diverse, and healthy microbiomes across different scales.

This module will provide students with a deep understanding of host-associated microbial communities and their contribution to health, but also the implications in various diseases. Novel techniques and methods for microbiome analysis will be presented and explored. Lastly, we will discuss how the microbiome links human to plant and planetary health and the potential of microbiome-based solutions to improve health and solve major environmental challenges.

This module provides an introduction to microeconomics, the detailed analysis of individuals and their interactions within the economy. Combined with Macroeconomics this module will provide an appropriate foundation for subsequent economic modules.

To provide graduate students in economics with an introduction to the basic frameworks of graduate-level microeconomic theory: general equilibrium theory and game theory. Special emphasis will be given to the design, construction and the solution of economic models, ensuring that students become familiar with basic equilibrium techniques.

To provide graduate students in economics with an introduction to the basic frameworks of graduate-level microeconomic theory: general equilibrium theory and game theory. Special emphasis will be given to the design, construction and the solution of economic models, ensuring that students become familiar with basic equilibrium techniques.

To provide graduate students in economics with an introduction to the basic frameworks of graduate-level microeconomic theory: general equilibrium theory and game theory. Special emphasis will be given to the design, construction and the solution of economic models, ensuring that students become familiar with basic equilibrium techniques.

To provide graduate students in economics with an introduction to the basic frameworks of graduate-level microeconomic theory: general equilibrium theory and game theory. Special emphasis will be given to the design, construction and the solution of economic models, ensuring that students become familiar with basic equilibrium techniques.

This module will familiarise students with the central concepts of microeconomics, building on the foundations laid in the first-year Microeconomics module. Students will gain a clear understanding of the role of the price mechanism in organising economic activity and of choice in strategic situations. The module offers a rigorous treatment of supply and demand in markets, individual choice and strategic behaviour, concepts of market equilibrium, and sources of market failure. Students will evaluate economic outcomes in terms of social desirability (efficiency, equity and other concepts) and will learn to assess the potential benefits and limitations of policy interventions. Throughout the module will focus on examples and real-world applications of the theory such as the free rider problem.

This module provides an overview of modern microfabrication technologies for the making of micro structures applicable to device engineering.
The various fabrication techniques that are relevant for microdevices in the field of electronics, optoelectronics and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) will be addressed in the lectures, with an emphasis on their physical, mechanical and chemical principles. The integration of these techniques will be explained with examples of complete process flow for the fabrication of different microdevices. Element of design method to produce microdevices will be introduced.

This module provides an overview of modern microfabrication technologies for the making of micro structures applicable to device engineering.
The various fabrication techniques that are relevant for microdevices in the field of electronics, optoelectronics and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) will be addressed in the lectures, with an emphasis on their physical, mechanical and chemical principles. The integration of these techniques will be explained with examples of complete process flow for the fabrication of different microdevices. Element of design method to produce microdevices will be introduced.