Dr Carlos Ponce de León Albarrán BSc, MSc, MBA, PhD

Senior Lecturer, Energy Technology Group, Coordinator of the MSc in Sustainable Energy Technologies

Dr Carlos Ponce de León Albarrán is Senior Lecturer, Energy Technology Group within Engineering and the Environment at the University of Southampton.

Carlos Ponce de León is a senior lecturer working as an electrochemical engineer in energy storage, water treatment, metal ion removal, characterization of novel electrode materials, electrochemical strategies for pollution control and redox flow cells for energy conversion. His research has been published in over 75 peer review papers and he has industrial experience in quality control (Schering/Proquina), data acquisition and fuel cells (Mexican Petroleum Institute), and analytical chemistry (Ciba-Geigy).

He currently coordinates the MSc in Sustainable Energy Technologies as well as several teaching modules including: Introduction to Energy Technologies, Fuel Cells and Photovoltaic Systems and Nuclear Energy Technologies. The MSc in Sustainable Energy Technologies was one of the first postgraduate programmes offered in energy technologies and has attracted students from different disciplines all over the world creating an interactive learning interdisciplinary space and an opportunity for the students to networking.

Research

Publications

Teaching

Contact

Research interests

borohydride fuel cells
aluminium air batteries
iron - air batteries
redox flow cells
- zinc - cerium
water treatment:
- metal recovery
- oxidation of organic compounds

Research group

Energy Technology

Affiliate research group

Engineering Materials

Research project(s)

NECOBAUT: iron-air redox flow battery

Normally iron corrodes when exposed to air and humidity and has to be protected by painting it, using corrosion inhibitors or by passing a cathodic current through it (cathodic protection). These methods avoid the oxidation of iron into a rusty iron oxide. However, in this project, a novel investigation of the oxidation of iron, combined with the reduction of oxygen is used to generate energy.

Aluminium-air battery: study of three dimensional aluminium anode and air cathode for the development of high energy density battery for micro-UAVs

The project focusses on the electrochemical properties and energy capability of the aluminium – air battery system. This comprises the separate half-cells, including the aluminium anode and its alloys as well as the cathode materials for oxygen reduction and the electrolytes with and without additives. The project propose the construction of a structural three dimensional battery and it is based on a PhD project currently in the final stages.

Development of borohydride fuel cells

The direct borohydride fuel cell is a promising alternative for electrical power generation in large-scale and for portable equipment, such as laptop computers or mobile phones. Its predicted maximum energy density compared with other cells or batteries is higher but several drawbacks need to be overcome to reach that energy.

Redox flow cells batteries: zinc - cerium

The project focusses on the electrochemical properties and energy capability of the zinc–cerium system, initially developed by Plurion Inc., which has a theoretical energy density of 463 kJ mol-1. This is larger than other redox flow systems such as the vanadium and iron-chromium systems and has one of the highest thermodynamic open-circuit cell voltages.

Scale up photoelectrochemical reactor using nanocatalytic material for environmental remediation

The purpose of this work is to manufacture self-organized oxide semiconductor nanotubes on a titanium alloy by electrochemical means. The anodised titanium is used as an anode in the degradation of organic pollutants in a photocatalytic reactor.

ELEVATE - ELEctrochemical Vehicle Advanced TEchnology (EP/M009394/1)

Preparation and characterisation of a rechargeable battery based on a conductive polymer and aluminum in an ionic liquid electrolyte

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Articles

McKerracher, R. D., Figueredo-Rodríguez, H. A., Avila-Alejo, J. O., Kwasnicki, K., Ponce De León, C., Alegre, C., ... Walsh, F. C. (2018). A comparison of Pd/C, perovskite, and Ni-Fe hexacyanoferrate bifunctional oxygen catalysts, at different loadings and catalyst layer thicknesses on an oxygen gas diffusion electrode. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 165(7), A1254-A1262. DOI: 10.1149/2.0321807jes
Graves, J. E., Bowker, M. E. A., Summer, A., Greenwood, A., Ponce De Leon Albarran, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2018). A new procedure for the template synthesis of metal nanowires. Electrochemistry Communications, 87, 58-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.11.022
Zaidi, S. Z. J., Harito, C., Walsh, F., & Ponce De Leon Albarran, C. (2018). Decolourisation of reactive black-5 at an RVC substrate decorated with PbO2/ TiO2 nanosheets prepared by anodic electrodeposition. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 1-12. DOI: 10.1007/s10008-018-3992-1
Ponce De Leon Albarran, C., Schoetz, T., Bund, A., & Ueda, M. (2018). Electro-polymerisation and characterisation of PEDOT in Lewis basic, neutral and acidic EMImCl-AlCl3 ionic liquid. Electrochimica Acta. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.033
Schoetz, T., Ponce De Leon Albarran, C., Bund, A., & Ueda, M. (2018). Electro-polymerisation of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene on reticulated vitreous carbon in imidazolium-based chloroaluminate ionic liquid as energy storage material. Electrochemistry Communications, 89, 52-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.02.018
Josso, P., Roberts, S., Teagle, D. A. H., Pourret, O., Herrington, R., & Ponce de Leon Albarran, C. (2018). Extraction and separation of rare earth elements from hydrothermal metalliferous sediments. Minerals Engineering, 118, 106-121. DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2017.12.014
Abahussain, A. A., Ponce De Leon Albarran, C., & Walsh, F. (2018). Mass-transfer measurements at porous 3D Pt-Ir/Ti electrodes in a direct borohydride fuel cell. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 165(3), F198-F206. DOI: 10.1149/2.0751803jes
Bryden, T. S., Dimitrov, B., Hilton, G., Ponce De Leon Albarran, C., Bugryniec, P., Brown, S., ... Cruden, A. (2018). Methodology to determine the heat capacity of lithium-ion cells. Journal of Power Sources.
Arenas, L. F., Ponce De León, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2018). Pressure drop through platinized titanium porous electrodes for cerium-based redox flow batteries. AIChE Journal, 64(3), 1135-1146. DOI: 10.1002/aic.16000
Walsh, F., & Ponce De Leon Albarran, C. (2018). Progress in electrochemical flow reactors for laboratory and pilot scale processing. Electrochimica Acta, 280, 121-148. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.05.027
Hardwick, L. J., & De León, C. P. (2018). Rechargeable multi-valent metal-air batteries. Johnson Matthey Technology Review, 62(2), 134-149. DOI: 10.1595/205651318X696729
Schoetz, T., Kurniawan, M., Stich, M., Peipmann, R., Efimov, I., Ispas, A., ... Ueda, M. (2018). Understanding the charge storage mechanism of conductive polymers as hybrid battery-capacitor material in ionic liquids by in-situ atomic force microscopy and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. DOI: 10.1039/C8TA06757K
Arenas, L. F., Boardman, R. P., Ponce De Leon, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2018). X-ray computed micro-tomography of reticulated vitreous carbon. Carbon, 135, 85-94. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.03.088
Arenas, L. F., Ponce De Leon, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2017). 3D-printed porous electrodes for advanced electrochemical flow reactors: a Ni/stainless steel electrode and its mass transport characteristics. Electrochemistry Communications, 77, 133-137. DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.03.009
Figueredo Rodriguez, H. A., Mckerracher, R. D., Insausti, M., Garcia Luis, A., Ponce De Leon Albarran, C., Alegre, C., ... Walsh, F. C. (2017). A rechargeable, aqueous iron air battery with nanostructured electrodes capable of high energy density operation. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 164(6), A1148-A1157. DOI: 10.1149/2.0711706jes
Arenas Martinez, L. F., Ponce De Leon, C., Boardman, R. P., & Walsh, F. C. (2017). Characterisation of platinum electrodeposits on a titanium micromesh stack in a rectangular channel flow cell. Electrochimica Acta, 247, 994-1005. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.07.029
Dimitrov, B., Cruden, A., Sharkh, S., Ponce De Leon Albarran, C., Bryden, T. S., & Hilton, G. (2017). Design process for a parallel LLC resonant converter for powered electric vehicle charging systems. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research (IJHSR).
Ortiz-Ibarra, H., Torres-Vitela, R., Gomez-Salazar, S., Casillas, N., Ponce De Leon Albarran, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2017). Enhancement of antibacterial efficiency at silver electrodeposited on coconut shell activated carbon by modulating pulse frequency. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. DOI: 10.1007/s10008-017-3795-9
Castañeda, L. F., Walsh, F. C., Nava, J. L., & Ponce De Leon Albarran, C. (2017). Graphite felt as a versatile electrode material: properties, reaction environment, performance and applications. Electrochimica Acta, 258, 1115-1139. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.165
Court, S., Kerr, C., Ponce De Leon Albarran, C., Smith, J. R., Barker, B. D., & Walsh, F. C. (2017). Monitoring of zincate pre-treatment of aluminium prior to electroless nickel plating. Transactions of the IMF, 95(2), 97-105. DOI: 10.1080/00202967.2016.1236573
Lozano, I., Casillas, N., Ponce De Leon Albarran, C., Walsh, F. C., & Herrasti, P. (2017). New insights into the electrochemical formation of magnetite nanoparticles. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 164(4), D184-D191. DOI: 10.1149/2.1091704jes
Schoetz, T., & Ponce De Leon Albarran, C. (2017). Preparation and characterization of a rechargeable battery based on poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and aluminum in ionic liquids. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 21(11), 3237–3246. DOI: 10.1007/s10008-017-3658-4
Ponce De Leon Albarran, C., & Walsh, F. (2017). Recent developments in organic redox flow batteries: a critical review. Journal of Power Sources.
Schoetz, T., Ponce De Leon, C., Ueda, M., & Bund, A. (2017). State of the art of rechargeable aluminium batteries in non-aqueous systems: A perspective. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 164(14), A3499-A3502. DOI: 10.1149/2.0311714jes
Mckerracher, R. D., Figueredo Rodriguez, H. A., Ponce De Leon Albarran, C., Alegre, C., Baglio, V., Aricò, A. S., & Walsh, F. C. (2016). A high-performance, bifunctional oxygen electrode catalysed with palladium and nickel-iron hexacyanoferrate. Electrochimica Acta, 206, 127-133. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.090
Sandoval, M. A., Fuentes, R., Walsh, F., Nava, J. L., & Ponce De Leon Albarran, C. (2016). Computational fluid dynamics simulations of single-phase flow in a filter-press flow reactor having a stack of three cells. Electrochimica Acta, 216, 490-498. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.09.045
Figueredo Rodriguez, H., Mckerracher, R., Ponce De Leon Albarran, C., & Walsh, F. (2016). Current distribution in a rectangular flow channel manufactured by 3D-printing. AIChE Journal, 1-35. DOI: 10.1002/aic.15454
Ramírez, G., Recio, F. J., Herrasti, P., Ponce De Leon Albarran, C., & Sirés, I. (2016). Effect of RVC porosity on the performance of PbO2 composite coatings with titanate nanotubes for the electrochemical oxidation of azo dyes. Electrochimica Acta, 204, 9-17. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.054
Vasconcelos, V. M., Ponce de Leon, C., Nava, J. L., & Lanza, M. R. V. (2016). Electrochemical degradation of RB-5 dye by anodic oxidation, electro-Fenton and by combining anodic oxidation–electro-Fenton in a filter-press flow cell. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 765, 179-187. DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.07.040
Arenas, L. F., Ponce de Leon, C., Boardman, R. P., & Walsh, F. C. (2016). Electrodeposition of platinum on titanium felt in a rectangular channel flow cell. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 164(2), D1-D10. DOI: 10.1149/2.0651702jes
Arenas Martinez, L., Ponce De Leon Albarran, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2016). Mass transport and active area of porous Pt/Ti electrodes for the Zn-Ce redox flow battery determined from limiting current measurements. Electrochimica Acta, 221, 154-166. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.10.097
Souza, J. S., Carvalho-Jr, W. M., Souza, F. L., Ponce de Leon, C. A., Bavykin, D. V., & Alves, W. A. (2016). Multihierarchical electrodes based on titanate nanotubes and zinc oxide nanorods for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2016(4), 944-952. DOI: 10.1039/C5TA06646H
Velasco, G., Gutiérrez-Granados, S., Ponce De Leon Albarran, C., Alatorre-Ordaz, A., Walsh, F., & Rodríguez-Torres, I. (2016). The electrochemical reduction of Cr(VI) ions in acid solution at titanium and graphite electrodes. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 1-33.
Arenas, L. F., Walsh, F., & Ponce de Leon, C. (2016). The importance of cell geometry and electrolyte properties to the cell potential of Zn-Ce hybrid flow batteries. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 163(1), A5170-A5179. DOI: 10.1149/2.0261601jes
Alshammary, B., Casillas, N., Cook, R., Swingler, J., Ponce De Leon Albarran, C., & Walsh, F. (2016). The importance of the film structure during self-powered Ibuprofen salicylate drug release from polypyrrole electrodeposited on AZ31 Mg. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 20(12), 3375-3382. DOI: 10.1007/s10008-016-3288-2
Arenas, L. F., Walsh, F. C., & Ponce de Leon, C. (2015). 3D-printing of Redox flow batteries for energy storage: a rapid prototype laboratory cell. ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, 4(4), P3080-P3085. DOI: 10.1149/2.0141504jss
McKerracher, R. D., Alegre, C., Baglio, V., Aricò, A. S., Ponce de León, C., Mornaghini, F., ... Walsh, F. C. (2015). A nanostructured bifunctional Pd/C gas-diffusion electrode for metal-air batteries. Electrochimica Acta, 174, 508-515. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.06.001
McKerracher, R., Ponce de Leon, C., Wills, R. G. A., Shah, A., & Walsh, F. C. (2015). A review of the iron–air secondary battery for energy storage. ChemPlusChem, 80(2), 323-335. DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402238
Caramia, V., Ponce de Leon, C., Low, C. T. J., & Walsh, F. C. (2015). Anodic deposition of compact, freely-standing or microporous polypyrrole films from aqueous methanesulphonic acid. Transactions of the IMF, 93(3), 139-146. DOI: 10.1179/0020296714Z.000000000203
Alshammary, B., Walsh, F. C., Herrasti, P., & Ponce de Leon, C. (2015). Electrodeposited conductive polymers for controlled drug release: polypyrrole. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 1-21. DOI: 10.1007/s10008-015-2982-9
Martín de Vidales, M. J., Mais, L., Sáez, C., Cañizares, P., Walsh, F. C., Rodrigo, M. A., ... Ponce de León, C. (2015). Photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange on TiO2 nanotubular anode using a flow-cell. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 1-18. DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201500085
Pereira, J. F., Figueiredo, R. S., Ponce de Leon, C., & Bertazzoli, R. (2015). Platinum-free lead dioxide electrode for electrooxidation of organic compounds. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 1-9. DOI: 10.1007/s10008-015-2950-4
Pérez, T., Ponce de Leon, C., Walsh, F. C., & Nava, J. L. (2015). Simulation of current distribution along a planar electrode under turbulent flow conditions in a laboratory filter-press flow cell. Electrochimica Acta, 154, 352-360. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.11.166
Rivera, F., Ponce de Leon, C., Nava, J. L., & Walsh, F. C. (2015). The filter-press FM01-LC laboratory flow reactor and its applications. Electrochimica Acta, 1-17. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.02.179
Walsh, F., Ponce de Leon, C., Bavykin, D., Low, C. T. J., Wang, S., & Larson, C. (2015). The formation of nanostructured surfaces by electrochemical techniques: a range of emerging surface finishes – Part 1: achieving nanostructured surfaces by electrochemical techniques. Transactions of the IMF, 93(4), 209-224. DOI: 10.1179/0020296715Z.000000000252
Walsh, F. C., Ponce de leon, C., Bavykin, D., Low, J., Wang, S., & Larson, C. (2015). The formation of nanostructured surfaces by electrochemical techniques: a range of emerging surface finishes. Part 2: examples of nanostructured surfaces by plating and anodising with their applications. Transactions of the IMF, 93(5), 241-247. DOI: 10.1080/00202967.2015.1114724
Rivera, F., Ponce de Leon, C., Walsh, F. C., & Nava, J. L. (2015). The reaction environment in a filter-press laboratory reactor: the FM01-LC flow cell. Electrochimica Acta, 161, 436-452. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.02.161
Walsh, F. C., & Ponce de Leon, C. (2014). A review of the electrodeposition of metal matrix composite coatings by inclusion of particles in a metal layer: an established and diversifying technology. Transactions of the IMF, 92(2), 83-98. DOI: 10.1179/0020296713Z.000000000161
Leung, P. K., Ponce de Leon, C., Recio, F. J., Herrasti Gonzalez, P., & Walsh, F. C. (2014). Corrosion of the zinc negative electrode of zinc–cerium hybrid redox flow batteries in methanesulfonic acid. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 44(9), 1025-1035. DOI: 10.1007/s10800-014-0714-y
Low, C. T. J., Ponce de Leon, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2014). Electrodeposition of copper from mixed sulphate–chloride acidic electrolytes at rotating disc electrode. Transactions of the IMF, 92(5), 282-288. DOI: 10.1179/0020296714Z.000000000186
Carrera-Cerritos, R., Ponce de Leon, C., Ledesma-Garcia, J., Fuentes-Ramirez, R., & Arriaga, L. G. (2014). Full factorial design applied to the synthesis of Pd-?Ag nanobars by the polyol method and the perspective for ethanol oxidation. RSC Advances, 32(4), 16632-16640. DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01263a
Merino Jimenez, I., Janik, M. J., Ponce de Leon, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2014). Pd-Ir alloy as an anode material for borohydride oxidation. Journal of Power Sources, 269, 498-508. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.06.140
Ponce de Leon, C., Hussey, W., Frazao, F., Jones, D., Ruggeri, E., Tzortzatos, S., ... Walsh, F. C. (2014). The 3D printing of a polymeric electrochemical cell body and its characterisation. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 41, 1-6. DOI: 10.3303/CET1441001
Merino Jimenez, I., Ponce de Leon, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2014). The effect of surfactants on the kinetics of borohydride oxidation and hydrolysis in the DBFC. Electrochimica Acta, 133, 539-545. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.04.061
Low, C. T. J., Ponce de Leon, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2014). The reduction of hydrogen peroxide at an Au-coated nanotubular TiO2 array. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 44(1), 169-177. DOI: 10.1007/s10800-013-0623-5
Walsh, F. C., & Ponce de Leon, C. (2014). Versatile electrochemical coatings and surface layers from aqueous methanesulfonic acid. Surface and Coatings Technology. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.10.010
Vázquez, L., Alvarez-Gallegos, A., Sierra, F. Z., Ponce de Leon, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2013). CFD evaluation of internal manifold effects on mass transport distribution in a laboratory filter-press flow cell. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 43(4), 453-465. DOI: 10.1007/s10800-013-0530-9
Egan, D., Ponce de Leon, C., Wood, R. J. K., jones, R. L., Stokes, K. R., & Walsh, F. C. (2013). Developments in electrode materials and electrolytes for aluminium-air batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 236, 293-310. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.01.141
Bebelis, S., Bouzek, K., Cornell, A., Ferreira, M. G. S., Kelsall, G. H., Lapicque, F., ... Walsh, F. C. (2013). Highlights during the development of electrochemicalengineering. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 91(10), 1998-2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2013.08.029
Recio, F. J., Herrasti Gonzalez, P., Vazquez, L., Ponce de Leon, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2013). Mass transfer to a nanostructured nickel electrodeposit of high surface area in a rectangular flow channel. Electrochimica Acta, 90, 507-513. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.11.135
Shah, A. A., Singh, R., Ponce de Leon, C., Wills, R. G., & Walsh, F. C. (2013). Mathematical modelling of direct borohydride fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources, 221, 157-171. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.07.083
Low, C. T. J., Ponce de León, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2012). A gold-coated titanium oxide nanotube array for the oxidation of borohydride ions. Electrochemistry Communications, 22(10), 166-169. DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2012.06.003
Chaiyont, R., Badoe, C., Ponce de León Albarran, C., Nava, J. L., Recio, F. J., Sirés, I., ... Walsh, F. C. (2012). Decolorization of methyl orange dye at IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 coated titanium anodes. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 36(1), 123-129. DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201200231
Arredondo Valdez, H. C., García Jiménez, G., Gutiérrez Granados, S., & Ponce de Leon, C. (2012). Degradation of paracetamol by advance oxidation processes using modified reticulated vitreous carbon electrodes with TiO2 and CuO/TiO2/Al2O3. Chemosphere, 89(10), 1195-1201. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.07.020
Merino-Jimenez, I., Ponce de Leon, C., Shah, A. A., & Walsh, F. C. (2012). Developments in direct borohydride fuel cells and remaining challenges. Journal of Power Sources, 219, 339-357. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.06.091
Leung, P. K., Li, X., Ponce de Leon, C., Shah, A. A., Berlouis, L., Low, C. T. J., & Walsh, F. C. (2012). Progress in redox flow batteries, remaining challenges and their applications in energy storage. RSC Advances, 2(27), 10125-0156. DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21342g
Herrasti Gonzalez, P., Ponce de Leon, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2012). The corrosion behaviour of nanograined metals and alloys. Revista de Metalurgia, 48(5), 377-394. DOI: 10.3989/revmetalm.1243
Leung, P. K., Ponce de León Albarran, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2012). The influence of operational parameters on the performance of an undivided zinc–cerium flow battery. Electrochimica Acta, 80, 7-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.06.074
Terrazas-Rodríguez, J. E., Gutiérrez-Granados, S., Alatorre-Ordaz, M. A., Ponce de Leon, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2011). A comparison of the electrochemical recovery of palladium using a flat plate flow-by reactor and a rotating cylinder electrode reactor. Electrochimica Acta, 56(25). DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.08.021
Leung, P. K., Ponce de Leon, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2011). An undivided zinc-cerium redox flow battery operating at room temperature. Electrochemistry Communications, 13(8), 770-7733. DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2011.04.011
Leung, P. K., Ponce de Leon, C., Low, C. T. J., & Walsh, F. C. (2011). Ce(III)/Ce(IV) in methanesulfonic acid as the positive half cell of a redox flow battery. Electrochimica Acta, 56(5), 2145-2153.
Leung, P. K., Ponce de Leon, C., Low, C. T. J., Shah, A. A., & Walsh, F. C. (2011). Characterization of a zinc-cerium flow battery. Journal of Power Sources, 196(11), 5174-5185. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.01.095
Herrasti, P., Kulak, A. N., Bavykin, D. V., Ponce de Leon, C., Zekonyte, J., & Walsh, F. C. (2011). Electrodeposition of polypyrrole–titanate nanotube composites coatings and their corrosion resistance. Electrochimica Acta, 56(3), 1323-1328. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.09.094
Ponce de Leon, C., Kulak, A., Williams, S., Merino-Jimenez, I., & Walsh, F. C. (2011). Improvements in direct borohydride fuel cells using three-dimensional electrodes. Catalysis Today, 170(1), 148-154. DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2011.03.010
Recio, F. J., Herrasti Gonzalez, P., Sires, I., Kulak, A. N., Bavykin, D. V., Ponce de Leon, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2011). The preparation of PbO2 coatings on reticulated vitreous carbon for the electro-oxidation of organic pollutants. Electrochimica Acta, 56(14), 5158-5165. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.03.054
Terrazas-Rodriguez, J. E., Gutierrez-Granados, S., Alatorre-Ordaz, M. A., Ponce de Leon, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2011). The use of a rotating cylinder electrode to selective recover palladium from acid solutions used to manufacture automotive catalytic converters. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 41(1), 89-97. DOI: 10.1007/s10800-010-0212-9
Leung, P. K., Ponce-de-León, C., Low, C. T. J., & Walsh, F. C. (2011). Zinc deposition and dissolution in methanesulfonic acid onto a carbon composite electrode as the negative electrode reactions in a hybrid redox flow battery. Electrochimica Acta, 56(18), 6536-6546. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.04.111
Tangirala, R. C., Low, C. T. J., Ponce-de-Leon, C., Campbell, S. A., & Walsh, F. C. (2010). Copper deposition at segmented, reticulated vitreous carbon cathode in hull cell. Transactions of the IMF, 88(2), 84-92. DOI: 10.1179/174591910X12646070884872
Sirés, I., Low, C. T. J., Ponce de Leon, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2010). The characterisation of PbO2–coated electrodes prepared from aqueous methanesulfonic acid under controlled deposition conditions. Electrochimica Acta, 55(6), 2163-2172. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.11.051
Slade, S. M., Ralph, T., Ponce de Leon, C., Campbell, S. A., & Walsh, F. C. (2010). The ionic conductivity of a Nafion® 1100 series of proton-exchange membranes re-cast from butan-1-ol and propan-2-ol. Fuel Cells. DOI: 10.1002/fuce.200900118
López-Estrada, S. A., Alatorre-Ordaz, A., Gutiérrez-Granados, S., Ponce de Leon, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2009). Electrochemical study of Co(II)/Co(III) on different electrode materials for energy storage in redox flow cells. ECS Transactions, 20(1), 237-247. DOI: 10.1149/1.3268391
Hernández-Ramírez, V. A., Alatorre-Ordaz, A., Yepez-Murrieta, M. L., Ibanez, J. G., Ponce de Leon, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2009). Oxidation of the borohydride Ion at silver nanoparticles on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using pulsed potential techniques. ECS Transactions, 20(1), 211-225. DOI: 10.1149/1.3268389
Vázquez, L., Alvarez-Gallegos, A., Sierra, F. Z., Ponce de León, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2009). Prediction of mass transport profiles in a laboratory filter-press electrolyser by computational fluid dynamics modelling. Electrochimica Acta, 1-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.08.067
Ponce de Leon, C., Walsh, F. C., Bessette, R. R., Patrissi, C. J., Medeiros, M. G., Rose, A., ... Reeve, R. W. (2009). Recent developments in borohydride fuel cell cells. ECS Transactions, 15(1), 25-49. DOI: 10.1149/1.3046618
Vázquez, L., Alvarez-Gallegos, A., Sierra, F. Z., Ponce de León, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2009). Simulation of velocity profiles in a laboratory electrolyser using computational fluid dynamics. Electrochimica Acta. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.08.066
Sirés, I., Low, C. T. J., Ponce de Leon, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2009). The deposition of nanostructured ?-PbO2 coatings from aqueous methanesulfonic acid for the electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants. Electrochemistry Communications, 12(1), 70-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2009.10.038
Ponce de León, C., Walsh, F. C., Patrissi, C. J., Madeiros, M. G., Bessette, R. R., Reeve, R. R., ... Browning, D. (2008). A direct borohydride–peroxide fuel cell using a Pd/Ir alloy coated microfibrous carbon cathode. Electrochemistry Communications, 10, 1610-1613. DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2008.08.006
Ponce de León, C., Whyte, I., Reade, G. W., Male, S. E., & Walsh, F. C. (2008). Mass transport and flow dispersion in the compartments of a modular 10 cell filter-press stack. Australian Journal of Chemistry, 61(10), 797-804. DOI: 10.1071/CH07161
Frías-Ferrer, Á., González-García, J., Sáez, V., Ponce de León, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2008). The effects of manifold flow on mass transport in electrochemical filter-press reactors. AIChE Journal, 54(3), 811-823. DOI: 10.1002/aic.11426
Szánto, D. A., Cleghorn, S., Ponce de León, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2008). The limiting current for reduction of ferricyanide ion at nickel: the importance of experimental conditions. AIChE Journal, 54(3), 802-810. DOI: 10.1002/aic.11420
Trinidad, P., Ponce de León, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2008). The use of electrolyte redox potential to monitor the Ce(IV)/Ce(III) couple. Journal of Environmental Management, 88(4), 1417-1425. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.07.007
Ponce-de-León, C., Reade, G. W., Whyte, I., Male, S. E., & Walsh, F. C. (2007). Characterization of the reaction environment in a filter-press redox flow reactor. Electrochimica Acta, 52(19), 5815-5823. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.02.080
Ponce de León, C., Low, C. T. J., Kear, G., & Walsh, F. C. (2007). Strategies for the determination of the convective-diffusion limiting current from steady state linear sweep voltammetry. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 10pp. DOI: 10.1007/s10800-007-9392-3
Reade, G. W., Ponce de Leon Albarran, C. A., Walsh, F. C., & Rolls Royce plc, P.O. Box 31, Derby DE24 8BJ, UK. (2006). Enhanced mass transport to a reticulated vitreous carbon rotating cylinder electrode using jet flow. Electrochimica Acta, 51(13), 2728-2736. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.08.009
Nava, J. L., Sosa, E., Carreno, G., Ponce de Leon Albarran, C. A., & Oropeza, M. T. (2006). Modelling of the concentration–time relationship based on global diffusion-charge transfer parameters in a flow-by reactor with a 3D electrode. Electrochimica Acta, 51(20), 4210-4217. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.12.002
Ponce de Leon, C., Frias-Ferrer, A., Gonzalez-Garcia, J., Szanto, D. A., & Walsh, F. C. (2006). Redox flow cells for energy conversion. Journal of Power Sources, 160(1), 716-732. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.02.095
Trinidad, P., Ponce de León, C. A., & Walsh, F. C. (2006). The application of flow dispersion models to the FM01-lC laboratory filter-press reactor. Electrochimica Acta, 52(2), 604-613. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.05.040
Ottewill, G. A., Reade, G. W., Campbell, S. A., Ponce de Leon, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2005). Electrochemical removal of metal ions from aqueous solution: a student workshop. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 7(10), 943-949. DOI: 10.1039/b511142k
Griffiths, M., Ponce de León Albarran, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2005). Mass transport in the rectangular channel of a filter-press electrolyzer (the FM01-LC reactor). AIChE Journal, 51(2), 682-687. DOI: 10.1002/aic.10311
Kear, G., Ponce de Leon Albarr, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2005). Reduction of dissolved oxygen at a copper rotating disc electrode. Chemical Engineering Education, 39(1), 14-21.
Low, C. T. J., Ponce de Leon, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2005). The rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) and its application to the electrodeposition of metals. Australian Journal of Chemistry, 58(4), 246-262. DOI: 10.1071/CH05034
Reade, G. W., Bond, P., Ponce de Leon Albarran, C. A., & Walsh, F. C. (2004). The application of reticulated vitreous carbon rotating cylinder electrodes to the removal of cadmium and copper ions from solution. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 79(9), 946-953. DOI: 10.1002/jctb.1097
Reyes-Cruz, V., Ponce de Leon, C., González, I., & Oropeza, M. T. (2002). Electrochemical deposition of silver and gold from cyanide leaching solutions. Hydrometallurgy, 65(2-3), 187-203. DOI: 10.1016/S0304-386X(02)00083-X
Reyes Cruz, V., Oropeza, M., González, I., & Ponce de Leon, C. (2002). Electrochemical recovery of silver from cyanide leaching solutions. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 32(5), 473-479. DOI: 10.1023/A:1016529314840
Nava, J. L. M., Sosa, E. E., Ponce de Leon, C., & Oropeza, M. T. (2001). Effectiveness factors in an electrochemical reactor with rotating cylinder electrode for the acid-cupric/copper cathode interface process. Chemical Engineering Science, 56(8), 2695-2702. DOI: 10.1016/S0009-2509(00)00514-5
Sosa, E., Carreño, G., Ponce de Leon, C., Oropeza, M., Morales, M., González, I., & Batina, N. (2000). Lead deposition onto fractured vitreous carbon: influence of electrochemical pretreated electrode. Applied Surface Science, 153(4), 245-258. DOI: 10.1016/S0169-4332(99)00362-1
Ponce de Leon, C., & Field, R. (2000). On the determination of limiting current density from uncertain data. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 30(9), 1087-1090. DOI: 10.1023/A:1004015617522
Carreño, G., Sosa, E., González, I., Ponce de Leon, C., Batina, N., & Oropeza, M. (1999). Anion influence in lead removal from aqueous solution by deposition onto a vitreous carbon electrode. Electrochimica Acta, 44(15), 2633-2643. DOI: 10.1016/S0013-4686(98)00386-7
Ponce de Leon, C., & Pletcher, D. (1996). The influence of the medium on Pb(II) removal on a 3-dimensional electrode. Electrochimica Acta, 41(4), 533-541. DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(95)00340-1
Ponce de Leon, C., & Pletcher, D. (1995). Removal of formaldehyde from aqueous solutions via oxygen reduction using a reticulated vitreous carbon cathode cell. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 25(4), 307-314. DOI: 10.1007/BF00249648

Book Chapters

Nava, J. L., & Ponce de León, C. (2018). Reactor design for advanced oxidation processes. In Handbook of Environmental Chemistry (Vol. 61, pp. 263-286). (Handbook of Environmental Chemistry; Vol. 61). Springer-Verlag. DOI: 10.1007/698_2017_54
Li, X., Ponce de Leon, C., Walsh, F. C., Wills, R. G. A., & Pletcher, D. (2015). Zinc-based flow batteries for medium- and large-scale energy storage. In C. Menictas, M. Skyllas-Kazacos, & T. M. Lim (Eds.), Advances in Batteries for Medium and Large-Scale Energy Storage, 1st Edition Types and Applications (pp. 293-315). (Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy). Cambridge, GB: Woodhead Publishing. DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-78242-013-2.00008-X
Ponce de Leon, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2009). Secondary batteries - zinc systems: zinc-bromine. In C. Dyer, J. Garche, P. Moseley, Z. Ogumi, D. Rand, & B. Scrosati (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources (pp. 487-496). Amsterdam, NL: Elsevier. DOI: 10.1016/B978-044452745-5.00856-X
Ponce de Leon, C., & Walsh, F. (2009). Sodium borohydride fuel cells. In C. K. Dyer, J. Garche, P. Moseley, Z. Ogumi, D. A. J. Rand, & B. Scrosati (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources (pp. 192-205). UK: Elsevier.
Ponce-de-Leon, C., Kerr, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2006). Electroless plating for protection against wear. In B. G. Mellor (Ed.), Surface Coatings for Protection against Wear (pp. 184-224). Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing Ltd.

Conferences

Bryden, T. S., Cruden, A., Hilton, G., Dimitrov, B., Ponce De Leon Albarran, C., & Mortimer, A. (2016). Off-vehicle energy store selection for high rate EV charging station. In 6th Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Conference (HEVC 2016) Institution of Engineering and Technology. DOI: 10.1049/cp.2016.0986
Palmer, M. J., Musker, A. J., Roberts, G. T., & Ponce de Leon Albarran, C. A. (2010). A method of ranking candidate cataylst for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Paper presented at Space Propulsion 2010, .
Ponce de Leon, C. (2010). Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering (04 23103). Electrolysis and Electrolysers and redox flow cells, .
Ponce de Leon, C. (2010). Redox flow cells: principles, characteristics and challenges. 3rd Meeting of the Mexican Society of Electrochemistry, Mexico.

Reviews

Walsh, F. C., Arenas Martinez, L. F., & Ponce de Leon, C. (2018). Developments in electrode design: Structure, decoration and applications of electrodes for electrochemical technology. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 93, 3073–3090. DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5706
Arenas, L. F., Loh, A., Trudgeon, D. P., Li, X., Ponce de Leon, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2018). The characteristics and performance of hybrid redox flow batteries with zinc negative electrodes for energy storage. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 90, 992-1016. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.016
Arenas, L. F., Ponce de Leon, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2017). Engineering aspects of the design, construction and performance of modular redox flow batteries for energy storage. Journal of Energy Storage, 11, 119–153. DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2017.02.007
Arenas, L. F., Ponce De Leon, C., & Walsh, F. C. (2016). Electrochemical redox processes involving soluble cerium species. Electrochimica Acta, 205, 226-247. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.062
Walsh, F., Arenas, L. F., Ponce De Leon Albarran, C., Reade, G. W., Whyte, I., & Mellor, B. G. (2016). The continued development of reticulated vitreous carbon as a versatile electrode material: Structure, properties and applications. Electrochimica Acta, 215, 566-591. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.103
Walsh, F. C., Ponce de Leon, C., Berlouis, L., Nikiforidis, G., Arenas-Martinez, L. F., Hodgson, D., & Hall, D. (2015). The development of Zn–Ce hybrid redox flow batteries for energy storage and their continuing challenges. ChemPlusChem, 80(2), 288-311. DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402103

Module title	Module code	Discipline	Role
Nuclear Energy Technology	SESG6026	Engineering Sciences	Course leader
Fuel Cells and Photovoltaic Systems I	SESM6017	Mechanical Engineering	Tutor
Fuel Cells and Photovoltaic Systems II	SESM6019	Mechanical Engineering	Tutor
Introduction to Energy Technologies	SESM6021	Mechanical Engineering	Tutor

Dr Carlos Ponce de León Albarrán
Engineering, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton. SO17 1BJ United Kingdom

Room Number: 30/1053

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