Code of Practice for Research Degree Candidature and Supervision 2023-24

1.1 The University of Southampton¹ undertakes to make satisfactory arrangements for the admission, candidature, supervision and examination of research students. The Code sets out University-level policy and guidelines for candidature for Master of Philosophy, Doctor of Philosophy and other doctoral degrees (including integrated doctoral programmes and professional doctorates) in the University. The Code is intended to amplify and complement the Regulations for Research Degrees and Higher Doctorates and provide a framework for all supervisory relationships. It is supplemented by policies and guidance published in the Quality Handbook or by Faculties, which are consistent with this Code but which specify more detailed procedures operating at local level. 

1.2 The Code is intended to promote good practice in research candidature and supervision and ensure a degree of comparability in the experience of research students. It is essential that a good working relationship is established between the supervisors and the research student, and that responsibilities on both sides are clearly defined and understood. It is intended to cover the many different types of research student candidature and to recognise the diversity of experiences, needs, interests and styles. In considering how best to support research students with disabilities, Faculties may find it helpful to review the practical advice and information accessible via the Vitae website and from Student Disability & Wellbeing. 

1.3 To ensure compliance with the Code, the University will monitor research degree provision against internal and external indicators and targets.  In particular, in order to evaluate the success of our postgraduate research degrees, the University may collect and review: 

• submission and completion times and rates, with account taken of any variations (for example relating to individual research students' circumstances, part-time programmes and the requirements of research councils, funders or other relevant bodies);
• pass, resubmission, referral (for taught doctorates), and fail rates;
• withdrawal rates;
• the number of appeals and complaints, the reasons for them, and how many are upheld;
• analysis of comments from examiners;
• recruitment profiles;
• data on equality and diversity.

2.1 The research environment should be regarded as both a place of learning and of research productivity. The environment allows for research students' changing needs and requirements as their programmes develop, including providing an adequate amount of academic and, if relevant, work or practice-based supervision of an appropriate quality. To satisfy these aims, there should be a clear commitment to research in the Faculty in which research students are to be supervised, as well as commitment to encouraging the integration of research students into the research activity of the Faculty or School/Institute. Factors that can be used to indicate excellence in research would normally include: 

• demonstrable research achievement as recognised either through peer assessment as internationally excellent or above, or consistently recognised by the award of grants in open competition;
• at least five research-active staff and six research students;
• knowledge exchange and applications (including knowledge transfer partnerships), with an emphasis on the practical impact of research outcomes and demonstrable ability to attract external funding.

2.2 An appropriate environment in which to undertake and develop research skills would normally include: 

• exposure to researchers working at the highest level in the research student's chosen field and in cognate and related disciplines;
• the expectation that research students' proposed topics of research will typically relate substantially to the Faculty’s research programme to enable research students to relate current research and issues arising from it to their own research (e.g. through debate with professional researchers);
• opportunities and encouragement for research students to work and exchange ideas with people and organisations using research outcomes for their own purposes and with colleagues in the wider research environment;
• access to academic and other colleagues able to give advice and support;
• adequate learning and research tools, including access to IT equipment, library and electronic publications;
• opportunities for research students to develop peer support networks where issues or problems can be discussed informally;
• supervision (see also section 10 of this Code (Supervision) that encourages the development and successful pursuit of a programme of research;
• guidance on the ethical pursuit of research and the avoidance of research misconduct, including plagiarism and breaches of intellectual property rights;
• support in developing research-related skills, and access to a range of development opportunities (which includes the mandatory training as detailed by the Doctoral College) that contribute to the research student's ability to complete the programme successfully (including, where appropriate, understanding issues of funding and of commercial exploitation);
• access to and support for a range of development opportunities (which includes the mandatory training as detailed by the Doctoral College) that contribute to the research student's ability to develop personal, professional and, where pertinent, employment-related skills; 
• availability of relevant advice on career development.

2.3 An environment supportive of research achievement may include: 

• a collegial community of academic staff and postgraduates conducting excellent research in cognate areas;
• supervisors with the necessary skills and knowledge to support research students in working towards the successful completion of their research programmes;
• access to welfare and support facilities that recognise the distinctive nature of research degree study;
• the opportunity for research students to raise complaints or appeal mechanisms for addressing research students' feedback both as individuals and collectively;
• sufficient implementation and monitoring mechanisms to ensure that where a project is undertaken in collaboration with another organisation, the standards of both organisations are maintained.

The award of Doctor of Philosophy 

4.1 For the award of Doctor of Philosophy, research students must have demonstrated²: 

• the creation and interpretation of new knowledge through original research or other advanced scholarship of a quality to satisfy peer review, extend the forefront of the discipline and merit publication;
• a systematic acquisition and understanding of a substantial body of knowledge, which is at the forefront of an academic discipline or an area of professional practice;
• the general ability to conceptualize, design and implement a project for the generation of new knowledge, applications or understanding at the forefront of the discipline, and to adjust the project design in the light of unforeseen problems;
• a detailed understanding of applicable techniques for research and advanced academic enquiry.

• the qualities and transferable skills necessary for employment requiring the exercise of personal responsibility and largely autonomous initiative in complex and unpredictable situations, in professional or equivalent environments.

Entry requirements 

6.1 Only suitably qualified and prepared applicants will be admitted to degree programmes leading to the award of a University of Southampton research degree. Applicants must demonstrate that they have the motivation and potential to undertake and complete a sustained piece of research and to produce a thesis for examination. Applicants will normally be expected to possess one or more of the following: 

• an undergraduate degree, normally with at least upper second (2i) honours classification (or equivalent) in a relevant subject; 
• a master's-level qualification (or equivalent) in a relevant subject; 
• evidence of prior professional practice or learning that meets the University's criteria and good practice guidelines for accreditation of prior experiential and/or certificated learning. Guidance is available in the University’s Recognition of Prior Learning Policy.  

6.2 Advice and guidance on qualifications and equivalencies can be obtained from the Global Recruitment and Admissions Team (email admissionspolicy@soton.ac.uk) and the Admissions Policy sets out some general principles for selectors.  

6.3 Applicants may, depending on their intended area of research, be required to meet other conditions (e.g. a Disclosure and Barring Service (enhanced) check; an occupational health assessment). 

English language proficiency 

6.4 All programmes leading to a University of Southampton research degree are delivered in the medium of English and applicants must demonstrate that they possess at least a minimum standard of English Language proficiency in accordance with the requirements specified in the University’s course webpages.  Successful applicants are expected to demonstrate that their ability to understand and express themselves in English (including in reading, writing, speaking and listening) is sufficient to enable them to achieve the full benefit from studying at the University. Precise programme requirements for English language proficiency are set out in the University’s course webpages. 

References 

6.5 Two references setting out the applicant’s suitability and academic potential to undertake research at doctoral level must be received from individuals independent of the selectors for all applicants. Referees should not normally be the applicant’s potential supervisor. 

Selection procedures 

6.6 Selection procedures should be clear and consistently applied and always demonstrate equality of opportunity.  Procedures should take into account any additional requirements imposed by funders, subject to these not conflicting with the University’s expectations. Reference should be made to the Equality and Diversity Statement, to paragraphs 1 and 2 of the University’s Regulations for Admission to Degree Programmes, and to the Admissions Policy in considering the impact of equality and diversity.  The Faculty Graduate School Subcommittee is responsible for ensuring the effective monitoring of the admissions process to demonstrate compliance with legal requirements and, in particular, with regard to equality of opportunity. 

6.7 Faculties should provide clear, accessible, jargon-free information for applicants and for staff involved in the admissions process, recognising diversity and different needs.   

6.8 All staff involved in the selection and admission of applicants must be familiar with: 

• the Regulations for Admission to Degree Programmes;
• the Admissions Policies; 
• the Academic Regulations applicable to the degree; 
• section 6 (Selection and Admission of Research Students) of this Code; 
• the admissions and recruitment guidance in the CHEP Resources for Doctoral Supervisors webpages.  

6.9 The Faculty Director of the Graduate School is responsible for ensuring that such staff have received sufficient instruction, guidance and advice in selection and interviewing processes and techniques to enable them to effectively conduct their duties and to maintain the quality and standards of the admissions process.  Selectors can also obtain specialist advice and guidance from the Global Recruitment and Admissions Team (email admissionspolicy@soton.ac.uk).  

6.10 The selection of applicants should involve at least two members of suitably trained academic staff and each application must be assessed against the required criteria for admission. 

6.11 Interviews by at least two suitably trained members of academic staff must be used as part of the selection process to assess applicants’ suitability, and reasonable adjustments should be made, where feasible, to ensure similarity of opportunity for applicants who are unable to attend for interview in person (e.g. by the use of videoconference). Staff responsible for interviewing applicants must have received sufficient training in inclusion, diversity and equality and in interviewing techniques, and should be familiar with the support available for applicants with a disability and/or additional support need. Faculties should also ensure that due attention is given to ensuring that there is diversity in the membership of interview panels. 

6.12 Before making a recommendation that a formal offer of a place to study is made, Faculties must make applicants aware of the costs of the planned research and of any available financial support, Applicants should also be made aware of opportunities to apply for special funding, and how to apply for such funding. Information should also be provided to applicants regarding the support that may be available for research students with disabilities, how to access it within the University, and how to fund it.   

6.13 Should applicants feel they have cause for complaint, they should, where possible, first raise their concerns informally with the relevant Faculty staff.  If matters cannot be resolved, applicants should refer to the University's Regulations Governing Complaints from Applicants. 

Accepting an applicant 

6.14 Prior to approving a recommendation to admit an applicant, the Faculty Director of the Graduate School must be satisfied that: 

• in assessing the application, the selection procedures have been complied with in full; 
• the applicant’s chosen subject for research, their qualifications, experience and English Language proficiency have been adequately assessed; 
• the research degree is within the applicant's capabilities and the applicant is judged to have the motivation and potential to undertake a sustained piece of research and to produce a thesis for examination; 
• the applicant has been judged to be capable of sustaining research at doctoral level and to complete their chosen research degree within the maximum length of candidature;
• the applicant will be supported by a suitable supervisory team and that there is access to adequate resources and facilities within an appropriate research environment as specified in section 2 of this Code (Introduction to the Research Environment), including any access to additional support strategies, specialist equipment or assistive technology required by the applicant. 

• two references relating to recent previous study and which are in accordance with the requirements set out in section 6 of this Code (Selection and Admission of Research Students: References); 
• copies of regular progress reports (preferably annual reports) from the previous institution where these exist; 
• a clear recommendation from the selectors, following an interview with the research student, explaining why the research student wants to transfer institution, and why it is felt that prospects for successful completion will be better at the University of Southampton. 

6.19 All such applications are subject to confirmation by the Faculty concerned; that satisfactory arrangements for supervision have been approved; and that the Faculty is satisfied as to the arrangements for financial support for the research student and facilities for the project (including the provision of any additional support strategies, specialist equipment or assistive technology required by applicants with a disability or additional need). 

6.20 International applicants holding a Student visa sponsored by another institution should refer to the Visa and Immigration Student Advice Service for guidance. 

6.21 Any applicant accepted for transfer will be required to be in candidature at the University of Southampton for a minimum of 12 months between the date of transfer and the submission of their thesis for examination, irrespective of whether the applicant has previously upgraded from MPhil to PhD or had their doctoral candidature confirmed in a formal progression review at their previous institution. 

6.22 The Faculty Director of the Graduate School is responsible for approving recommendations to accept an applicant for transfer from another higher education institution to the University of Southampton.  Section 6 of this Code (Selection and Admission of Research Students: Selection procedures and Accepting an applicant) also applies to applicants transferring from another institution, unless agreed otherwise by the Dean of the relevant Faculty. 

Formal offer letter 

6.23 The formal offer letter forms the basis of the contract between the applicant and the University of Southampton and must define and clearly communicate the terms and conditions relating to the offer and its acceptance.  Any offer of funding is distinct and independent of the offer of candidature.  The duration of any funding offered may be different to the maximum duration of candidature that is specified in the formal offer letter. 

Enrolment of research students 

6.24 Research students are expected to enrol promptly each academic year according to the procedures set out by the University and their Faculty. This will normally be through the University's online enrolment process. 

Research student information and induction 

6.25 The Faculty will provide research students with sufficient, timely information to enable them to commence their studies with an understanding of the academic and social environment within which they will be working. Guidelines on information that may usefully be provided are given in this Code (Appendix 1: Induction Information). The timing and frequency of inductions should also take account of part-time and international research students. Additional information regarding any special arrangements or facilities should be made available to research students with a disability. This should have been discussed and agreed individually with the research student prior to the commencement of their studies. 

7.1 Research students must have access to a suitable programme of research skills and transferable skills training which recognises differing needs arising from student diversity. A range of mechanisms, sufficiently flexible to address individual needs, should be available to support research students' learning. Training programmes should support students' research, comply with any funder requirements, and help research students to prepare themselves for their subsequent career. Training may be provided in-house or by arranging access to external training programmes. Training will be offered where appropriate at programme, Faculty or University level. Faculties will work together through the Doctoral College to co-ordinate their training programmes.  A comprehensive set of training resources for research students is available via the PGR Development Hub.   

Academic needs analysis 

7.2 The research student’s personal and professional developmental needs, including transferable skills, should be assessed within three months of entry to a research degree programme, or within three months of the beginning of the research stage of a taught doctorate, by means of an initial Academic Needs Analysis. Any specific programme requirements will be communicated by the Faculty/discipline (or in the case of degrees with a substantial taught element, detailed in the programme specification).  Consideration should be given to: 

• the facilities required to enable the research student to undertake their research (for example, any specialist software packages or a high specification computer; appropriate space to work – see section 12 of this Code (Responsibilities of the Faculty: Facilities and equipment); 
• whether the research student has subject-specific gaps in their knowledge base and how these might be filled (for example, by attending classes at Master’s level); 
• whether the research student needs to learn a language and/or require English language support during their candidature and how these could be implemented;
• a self-assessment of the research student’s personal, professional and research skills (as set out in the Researcher Development Framework on the Vitae website). The research student should be directed to the training on offer through the University, their programme and their Faculty to meet the training needs identified. 

7.6 Faculties should ensure that procedures are in place to collate, on an annual basis, the needs that have been identified in the Academic Needs Analysis. This should be reflected in their annual monitoring reports. Faculties are responsible for ensuring that suitable training is made available to meet the needs of individual research students, either in-house or externally. 

Research skills training – discipline-specific and generic 

7.7 All research students must undertake the mandatory training as detailed by the Doctoral College, or an equivalent agreed with the Doctoral College Board.  Research students who first enrolled on their research degree on or after 1 August 2020 will not be confirmed in Doctoral Candidature by the Faculty following the Second Progression Review (Confirmation) should any mandatory training requirements remain unfulfilled. Research skills training, which should be provided either by single subject groups or on a multidisciplinary basis, forms a substantial and compulsory part of a research student's programme and should be assessable where appropriate. Any compulsory modules will be communicated by the Faculty/discipline (or in the case of degrees with a substantial taught element, detailed in the programme specification). Such training should be required of research students except in cases where they have already developed sufficient and appropriate skills through a Master's degree or other postgraduate work or appropriate work experience. Funded students should also receive any training required by their funder. Any exemption from such training should be agreed by the supervisory team as part of the Academic Needs Analysis. 

7.8 Training programmes should: 

• ensure that research students develop so as to become increasingly aware of their own training needs, both discipline-specific and generic;
• enable research students to choose between a range of different approaches to their research study; 
• achieve a balance between subject-specific and more general material which might relate to future employment needs; 
• encompass the basic principles of research design and strategy including techniques (e.g. computing and bibliographic) for use in the research study; 
• include opportunities for the presentation of research, both oral and written; 
• provide access to relevant seminar programmes and conferences within and beyond the institution (where resources and opportunities permit);
• where appropriate, utilise the diverse cultural, social and educational backgrounds of research students in order to enrich the learning experience of all research students;
• Faculties should ensure that all research students can access skills training sessions and events, and that staff are aware of any particular additional learning needs. 

Transferable skills training 

7.9 Faculties should ensure that research students have access to suitable in-house or external training in transferable skills. Training programmes should enable research students to: 

• develop good oral and written communications skills equipping them with the skills to articulate ideas clearly to a range of audiences;
• use information technology appropriately for data management, recording and presenting material, etc.; 
• apply effective project management skills including realistic goal setting and prioritization of activities; 
• appreciate the factors which contribute to the success of formal and informal teams; 
• provide effective support to others when involved in teaching, mentoring or demonstrating activities (see section 13 of this Code (Teaching and Demonstrating Duties) for further guidance); 
• take ownership of their own career progression. 

8.1 It is the research student’s responsibility, with appropriate guidance from the supervisory team, to observe due ethical standards in the design, conduct and reporting of the research (see also section 11 of this Code (Responsibilities of the Research Student)). Ethical considerations must be addressed in all research and, where required, approval must be sought under the University's Ethics Policy.  That Policy, and other related documents, can be accessed on the Governance section of the University website. Research students should receive formal training in research ethics to help them to understand both the formal mechanisms for gaining ethical approval for their research and the intellectual debates surrounding research ethics.  It should be recognised that research students may arrive with a particular cultural perspective regarding research ethics and sensitivity may be needed to ensure that a shared view is arrived at through training.  Research students should be aware that research carried out without the necessary ethical approval will not be accepted for assessment.  Research students should refer to the Academic Integrity Regulations for further information. 

Initial candidature 

9.1 Research students will be registered on the degree they intend to submit for. A research student on a PhD programme will be required to demonstrate that they have made satisfactory progress and must successfully complete the confirmation process described in section 18 of this Code (Progression Monitoring and Reviews: The second progression review (confirmation of doctoral candidature). 

Mode of candidature 

9.2 Candidature may be full- or part-time. Research students should satisfy the Faculty that they can commit sufficient time to the project to sustain satisfactory progress.  In cases where there are periods of full-time and part-time candidature, the maximum permitted period of candidature shall be calculated by the Doctoral College (Faculty) Team as outlined in the guidance Determining the maximum period of candidature when changing between full-and part-time study.  

Duration of candidature, suspension of candidature and extension of candidature 

9.3 See also the Regulations for Research Degrees (section 6: Duration of Research Degrees, section 10: Suspension of Candidature and section 11: Extension of Candidature).  In practice, the period of candidature will usually be longer than the minimum period.  In exceptional circumstances, when the research student has successfully completed their Second Progression Review (Confirmation) and where the research student is able to submit a thesis of sufficient quality, they may be permitted to submit a thesis earlier than the specified minimum period of candidature.  Where a research student is in receipt of external funding and/or where an external body places an expectation that studies are completed within a defined period of time, the Faculty will assist the research student in meeting the requirement. 

Staff candidature 

9.4 As set down in the Regulations for Members of Staff in Candidature for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, an employee of the University of Southampton may also be registered as a research student. Their performance as an employee and their progress as a research student should be assessed and treated separately. 

10.1 Subject to approval by the Faculty Director of the Graduate School, research students are allocated to a supervisory team on the recommendation of the Faculty Graduate School directorate. A supervisory team of at least two members is required, one of whom will be the main supervisor (see also section 10 of this Code (Supervision: Members of the supervisory team)).   

10.2 The supervisory team should be chosen to provide adequate academic expertise.  Subsequently, and where a research student’s project requires further expertise, an additional supervisor may be appointed during to provide the required specialist advice.  This individual may be external to the University of Southampton. 

10.3 The maximum weighting allocated to any single member of the supervisory team should be no more than 80% and the Faculty Director of the Graduate School should carefully consider proposals for any single member of the supervisory team to have a weighting of less than 10%.  Section 10 (Supervision: Responsibilities of the supervisory team) of this Code sets out in detail the University’s expectations of all individuals appointed to the membership of a supervisory team.  

10.4 The supervisory team should include the roles of main supervisor and co-ordinating supervisor and these roles will normally be undertaken by the same individual. See also section 10 of this Code (Supervision: Members of the supervisory team), and section 7 of the Regulations for Research Degrees (Supervision).  Where there are any conflicts of interest in the composition of the supervisory team, these must be communicated immediately to the research student and to the Faculty Graduate School directorate, and an additional supervisor or advisor appointed to the team.  An example of a conflict of interest would be a marital relationship between members of a supervisory team. 

10.5 The Faculty will ensure that the overall workload of supervisory staff is at a level that will allow supervisors to fulfil the responsibilities of the supervisory team as detailed in section 10 of this Code (Supervision: Responsibilities of the supervisory team).  With effect for research students receiving formal offer letters on or after 1 August 2018, the Faculty will ensure that a member of staff supervises no more than the equivalent of six full-time research students at any one time; with the maximum number of students, whether full-or part-time, supervised by an individual supervisor being ten.  All research students under supervision from the point of enrolment up to, and including those on nominal registration, will be included within this count.  Cases for exemptions will be made by the Faculty Director of the Graduate School to the Dean, or their nominee (normally the Associate Dean (Education)), for approval on the PGR Supervisory Loading: Request for Exemption form.  Such exemptions may be granted, for example, where a supervisor is acting as a stand-in supervisor.  Further information can be found in the PGR Supervisory Loading: Guidance for Faculties. 

Members of the supervisory team 

10.6 See also section 7 of the Regulations for Research Degrees (Supervision). 

10.7 At least one member of the supervisory team must have prior experience of supervision which has resulted in a successful doctorate. For members of staff new to supervision, experience should be gained through working closely with an experienced supervisor and attending the specified training and may include a recognised mentorship arrangement.  Supervisors must be active researchers in the appropriate discipline and should normally themselves have a PhD or equivalent substantial research experience, experience of publication, and expertise in the area of the student's research. Members of staff in formal candidature for a higher degree should not be appointed as a main supervisor. 

10.8 The main supervisor has responsibility for the supervision of the design and progress of the student’s research project and for providing academic advice to the research student. The main supervisor should be available to provide guidance and direction on a regular basis. Section 7 of the Regulations for Research Degrees (Supervision) sets out the criteria for the appointment of the main supervisor. 

10.9 The co-ordinating supervisor has responsibility for ensuring that the administrative processes for the research student (e.g. Progression Reviews, arrangements for examination) are completed in a timely manner throughout a research student's candidature. The role of the co-ordinating supervisor is typically undertaken by the main supervisor. Section 7 of the Regulations for Research Degrees (Supervision) sets out the criteria for the appointment of the co-ordinating supervisor. 

10.10 New supervisors must take, or have taken, training (including training to ensure awareness of diversity issues which may impact on the supervision process, e.g. research students wishing to participate in their religious festivals) as determined by the Doctoral College Board and the Faculty Director of the Graduate School. New supervisors must be members of a team that includes at least one member that has had experience of supervising research students at the University of Southampton. 

10.11 The contact details and responsibilities of all members of the supervisory team should be readily available to research students throughout their programme (see section 10 of this Code (Supervision: Responsibilities of the supervisory team)). 

Responsibilities of the supervisory team 

10.12 The following paragraph should be read in conjunction with sections 12 and 18 of this Code (Responsibilities of the Faculty: Arrangements for research students based at a distance and Progression Monitoring and Reviews).  Additional guidance to support supervisors is available via the CHEP Resources for Doctoral Supervisors webpages.  

10.13 The Faculty is responsible for ensuring that an appropriate supervisory team is appointed for the research student and for ensuring that all members of the team are fully aware of and understand their supervisory role and their responsibilities to the student at the outset of supervision, during candidature and in the latter stages of supervision. These responsibilities are detailed below: 

Responsibilities at the outset of supervision 

• to meet the research student to identify the initial objectives of the research; 
• to confirm any requirements of the research student’s funder, if applicable;
• to assist the research student in an Academic Needs Analysis with respect to research skills (discipline-specific and generic) and transferable skills, identifying sources of training provision at discipline/Faculty/University level or externally, and a timescale for undertaking training; 
• to ensure that the research student has access to information about events organised for, or open to, research students in the discipline/Faculty/University and externally (including workshops, seminars and conferences); 
• for research students whose first language is not English, to advise on additional English language support if appropriate (for example, some research students may experience difficulties with technical language); 
• if the research student has disclosed a disability, to identify ways in which they may be supported in their studies with help and advice as required by Student Disability & Wellbeing, which encompasses a wide variety of support for research students who have disabilities, mental health issues or specific learning differences. Research students should also be asked about the impact, if any, of research activity on their disability; 
• to explain the roles of the members of the supervisory team and to discuss and agree the pattern and frequency of contact between members of the supervisory team; (for example, international research students may benefit from a higher frequency of meetings during the first year, or, for research students with a disability, account may need to be taken of the effects of medication);
• to clarify arrangements for Progression Reviews ensuring that the research student is fully conversant with the Faculty and University procedures from the outset (see section 18 of this Code (Progression Monitoring and Reviews)); 
• to ensure that the research student is cognisant of Intellectual Property (IP) issues that may be/become associated with the project and is aware of their responsibilities in relation to research ethics (see Ethics Policy and section 8 of this Code (Ethical Considerations), governance, and the University’s Intellectual Property Regulations); 
• to ensure that the research student is aware of the obligations under the University’s Research Data Management Policy and any other related requirements for data storage required by sponsors; 
• to make clear to the research student their responsibilities as detailed in section 11 of this Code (Responsibilities of the Research Student).  

Ongoing responsibilities 

• to maintain regular contact with the research student in accordance with arrangements established at the outset and in-line with Faculty policy. The frequency of meetings will depend upon the stage and nature of the research and the particular needs of the research student, but it is expected good practice that, for full-time research students, these meetings should take place at least once a month, and more frequently at the start of the candidature (for part-time research student, these timings should be adjusted accordingly). This could include both face-to-face meetings and other means of communication (see also section 18 of this Code (Progression Monitoring and Reviews).  It is good practice that notes of these meetings are recorded and for research students with Student visa sponsorship, this is a requirement;   
• to be aware of and to comply with internal and external reporting requirements pertaining to the research student;  
• to be accessible at other reasonable times when advice is needed, keeping in mind the needs of the individual research student; 
• to provide advice and guidance as necessary on the planning and development of the research programme and standard of work expected, recognising that some research students may require additional support. Such advice and guidance will include reference to literature and sources, research methods and techniques, academic integrity including avoidance of plagiarism, research ethics and governance, issues of copyright, intellectual property and health and safety; 
• to ensure that the University's Equal Opportunities Policy is taken into account in all aspects of the research student's experience, and to be sensitive to the differing needs of research students arising from diversity.
• to ensure that the research student conforms to the University's research ethics, research governance, and Intellectual Property Regulations and policies which can be accessed via the University’s governance website (Research and Enterprise Policies);  
• to ensure that the research student conforms to the University’s Research Data Management Policy and any other related requirements for data storage required by sponsors; 
• to monitor the research student's progress (requiring activity reports and written work as appropriate), providing reports to the Faculty as required, and giving constructive and timely feedback which is accessible and useful to the research student; 
• to be aware of Progression Review deadlines, and ensure that the research student is aware of these and the requirements for each review; 
• where progress is unsatisfactory, or the standard of work unacceptable, to ensure that the research student is made aware of this and that steps are taken in a timely fashion to develop a constructive plan for improvement;
• to set target dates for successive stages of the work in order to encourage timely submission of the thesis (taking into account any additional disability-related needs or language support arrangements required by the research student); 
• to ensure that the research student is aware of other sources of advice at Faculty, Doctoral College and University level including: 
  • safety legislation;  
  • equal opportunities policy;  
  • intellectual property;
  • careers guidance;  
  • submission and completion of research degree candidature  
• to provide pastoral support and/or refer the research student to other sources of support, independent mentors and other student support services; 
• to check with the research student with regard to the effectiveness of any support they are receiving from the University services, and responding to any on-going or acute difficulties; 
• to liaise with external bodies and to make arrangements with any external supervisors;
• to keep the research student informed of events organised for, or open to, research students by the discipline/Faculty/University or externally, encouraging them to participate; 
• to arrange for the research student to present work to staff or peers at seminars or conferences; to arrange mentoring for publishing and grant writing; to encourage publication of work; and to act as a link between the research student and the wider academic community; 
• to participate in staff development activities to ensure competence in, and bring enhancement to, all aspects of the supervisory role. 

Responsibilities in the latter stage of supervision 

• to ensure that, where a research student is unable to submit a thesis within the required time (or funding period), a timely and reasoned request for extension of candidature is made in line with the Regulations Governing Special Considerations and Suspension of Candidature for Postgraduate Research Students;
• to ensure arrangements are made for examination of the research student including the nomination of examiners in accordance with Faculty and University policy; 
• to ensure any additional examination arrangements are made for research students with a disability (see section 22 of this Code (Examination: The viva voce));  
• to ensure that the research student is adequately prepared for the viva voce, arranging a practice examination if required. 

Unavailability of a supervisor 

10.14 The supervisory team is collectively responsible for ensuring that the Doctoral College (Faculty) Team is immediately notified if one of the supervisors is likely to be unavailable to supervise for a substantial period (normally one month or more). The supervisory team, in consultation with the research student, should then collectively assist the Faculty Director of the Graduate School to designate a temporary or permanent replacement, and in making handover arrangements. 

Change of supervisor 

10.15 A request for change of supervisor can come from a member of the supervisory team or from the research student.  Consultation between all parties should occur at an early stage.  Changes to the main supervisor and/or any member of the supervisory team must be approved by the Faculty Director of the Graduate School. Records should be kept of the reason for any change. Suitable handover arrangements should be implemented and the new supervisory relationship monitored by the Faculty Graduate School directorate. 

12.1 Although much of the responsibility for ensuring that the student's research reaches successful completion is shared between the research student and the supervisory team, the Faculty has overall responsibility for the process. The Faculty should satisfy itself that the requirements of the Regulations for Research Degrees and this Code are met. 

12.2 In addition, and as set out in this Code (section 12 of this Code (Responsibilities of the Faculty: Research environment and Facilities and equipment), the Dean of the Faculty should ensure that research students are accepted into an environment which provides support and facilities for their overall learning and for their development as researchers. 

Research environment 

12.3 The research environment plays a key role in ensuring that research students have the best possible opportunities to develop and bring their research projects to fruition.  Section 2 of this Code (Introduction to the Research Environment) sets out in full the factors involved in creating a robust environment, and the Faculty should pay careful attention to these; these factors set the context for all areas covered by this Code.  The Faculty should strive to create an infrastructure that is capable of supporting the range of research students recruited.  This may be located for some periods of the degree in or among other educational institutions, or in a work setting (for example, in industry). 

Facilities and equipment 

12.4 Facilities and equipment to support students' research should be made available and explained in a clear statement to research students. These facilities should meet in full the expectations of the relevant Research Council(s), and will include as a minimum: 

• access to appropriate space to work, as indicated by the research student’s Academic Needs Analysis and by Faculty policy; 
• the provision of laboratory and technical support where appropriate; 
• access to computing facilities in accordance with iSolutions’ policy. Faculties should have a mechanism by which research students may submit a request for a computer with a more powerful specification;
• access to appropriate electronic resources of the University.  Faculties should have a mechanism by which research students may submit a request for access to specialist electronic resources; 
• appropriate access to email, telephone, and photocopying facilities; 
• opportunities to meet and network with other research students and researchers; 
• appropriate library and other academic support services; 
• the opportunity to apply for funds to support training and for attendance at conferences and other relevant events. 

12.5 Advice should be sought from Student Disability & Wellbeing with regard to accessing any specialist equipment or assistive technology for research students who may need such support. 

12.6 Part-time research students are normally allocated space to work on a shared basis only.  

Arrangements for research students based at a distance 

12.7 In accordance with the Distance Learning Framework, and where a Faculty admits research students who are studying off-site, satisfactory arrangements must be put in place to ensure a comparable experience to locally based research students. Such arrangements will include: 

• a specified number of face-to-face meetings with members of the supervisory team which may be supplemented by email, videoconference and other means of communication;
• access to training and personal development activities by means of existing training opportunities or, alternatively, equivalent training which may include web-based training or other distance means; 
• opportunities to network and interact with staff and fellow research students, either face-to-face or through a virtual environment. 

12.8 The arrangements for each individual research student should be recorded in writing and agreed by all parties, approved by the Faculty Director of the Graduate School, and kept under review as part of the annual review process. In some cases, it may be appropriate to consider agreeing joint supervision arrangements with another institution (see section 3 of the Regulations for Research Degrees (Candidature)). 

12.9 Faculties should refer to the Postgraduate Research Overview section of the Quality Handbook for further guidance on the modes of PhD that include periods of study away from the University.  See also section 10 of this Code (Supervision: Responsibilities of the supervisory team). 

Feedback mechanisms 

12.10 Faculties must have in place mechanisms to collect, review and, where appropriate, respond to feedback from research students, supervisors, examiners, external parties and others concerned with postgraduate research programmes. Separate arrangements should exist for obtaining individual and collective feedback and, when appropriate, for publishing the results of collective feedback and actions taken.  Timescales for the feedback and review cycle should be clearly specified and should occur at least annually, using mechanisms that allow for comparison and consistency across feedback and review cycles.  Faculties should also strongly encourage research students to participate in national surveys (such as the Postgraduate Research Experience Survey (PRES)) endorsed by the University, requesting research student feedback. The Faculty Graduate School Subcommittee should work with the Doctoral College Professional Development Subcommittee to collect and review student feedback on their training activities to inform the portfolio of training provision and, where appropriate, respond to research student feedback on their training activities.  Wherever possible feedback should be gathered and processed anonymously, unless the research student’s permission is otherwise given. 

Submission and completion rates 

12.11 Faculties should monitor submission and completion rates for both full-time and part-time research students and reflect on these in the annual quality monitoring cycle.  They should take management action where necessary to ensure that submission rates for research students are at least at the minimum thresholds laid down by the University and/or external funders and regulatory bodies. 

15.1 It is the supervisory team's responsibility to advise the research student on safety procedures, especially if the research project entails working with dangerous equipment and materials or is being carried out in a laboratory environment. It is the research student's responsibility to abide by the University’s Health and Safety Policy, and that of any other institution or organisation where they may from time to time be located in pursuit of their research, to comply with safe working practices at all times and to follow those procedures prescribed by the supervisory team. 

16.1 It is the supervisory team's responsibility to ensure that the University’s Equality and Diversity Policy is taken into account in all aspects of the research student's experience related to their degree. 

Holidays 

17.1 In addition to University closure periods and bank holidays, full-time research students are permitted to take a further 26 days annual leave (or in accordance with funder requirements). For part-time research students this is applicable on a pro-rata basis. Research students should seek the prior agreement of their supervisory team (in practice this will normally be the co-ordinating supervisor) regarding the timing of holidays. The annual leave year runs from 1 August to 31 July; research students commencing their research part-way through the academic year will have their annual leave allowance calculated on a pro-rata basis. International research students on a Student visa should refer to the Visa and Immigration Student Advice Service for guidance. 

Absence due to ill health 

17.2 Research students experiencing illness that affects their studies are subject to the Regulations Governing Special Considerations and Suspension of Candidature for Postgraduate Research Students. These Regulations apply to all research degrees but do not cover taught assessed components of research degrees which are governed in accordance with the Regulations Governing Special Considerations (including Deadline Extension Requests) for all Taught Programmes and Taught Assessed Components of Research Degrees.  For research students in receipt of a medical certificate confirming that they are unable to pursue their studies for medical reasons, and for periods of illness longer than five days, discussion of the effect of the illness on their studies must be held with their main/co-ordinating supervisor (see the Attendance and Completion of Programme Regulations). This also applies to part-time research students on a pro-rata basis. Externally funded research students should check the terms of their studentship with regard to advising their funder of any absence due to illness and the provision of a medical certificate. It is good practice for research students to keep their main supervisor or co-ordinating supervisor advised of any short periods of illness, particularly if these are frequent, so that any potential effect on progress can be identified and any additional support provided if thought necessary. 

Monitoring and supporting research students’ progress 

18.1 Faculties will have in place, and bring to the attention of research students and relevant staff, clearly defined mechanisms for monitoring and supporting students’ progress. 

18.2 Faculties should have clear mechanisms for feeding back information on progress to research students, and on actions that are taken in response to any issues encountered. 

18.3 It is good practice to keep records of meetings between research students and supervisors.  Faculties will provide guidance on keeping appropriate records of meetings and related activities to research students, the supervisory team and others involved in progression monitoring and review processes.  Normally, the appropriate mechanism to record the outcome of meetings will be Quarterly Activity reports in PGR Manager (or equivalent system).  Quarterly Activity reports should be submitted by research students and reviewed by supervisors. 

18.4 Supervisory teams and research students should establish a mutually agreed series of meetings, both formal and informal, to discuss progress and any problems arising. 

18.5 When reviewing progress, the supervisory team should routinely assess whether the support needs of their research students are being effectively met.  

18.6 It is the responsibility of the main/co-ordinating supervisor to inform the research student of unsatisfactory progress as soon as this becomes apparent. Significant academic concerns about a student’s progress may result in the scheduling of an Exceptional Progression Review.  

Progression reviews – overview 

18.7 Faculties will bring to the attention of research students, and relevant staff, clearly defined formats for submissions which inform the Progression Reviews, and the criteria to be used for defining outcomes from Progression Reviews (as specified in the Postgraduate Research Progression Reviews: Criteria and Submission Guidelines). As a minimum, students must submit a written report in advance of each Review which should summarise their progress.

18.8 Students should also highlight any particular problems they have encountered (e.g. access to resources, facilities or other additional disability-related or language support requirements) together with details of the action taken. The student’s report should also indicate whether any additional support requirements or facilities already being provided are continuing to meet their needs, or if any different or additional adjustments are required. Each Progression Review will also include a review of the student’s Academic Needs Analysis and the Data Management Plan.  The Regulations Governing Academic Integrity apply to all Progression Reviews and the Assessment Panel is responsible for referring any suspected breach to the relevant School’s Academic Integrity Officer for their investigation. 

18.9 Each Progression Review must also include a viva voce, which should take place in a supportive way. In conducting the assessment, arrangements will be made, where necessary, to accommodate any additional needs of the research student. Following each Progression Review, the research student will be given constructive written feedback by the Assessment Panel and, if necessary, guidance on actions to be taken to support progress in their candidature.  

18.10 The Assessment Panel for each Progression Review will be constituted according to the requirements specified in the paragraphs below.  A second attempt at a Progression Review must include the addition of an Independent Chair (see section 22 of this Code (Examination: The independent chair). Requests for an independent notetaker to attend the Progression Review and to record a summary of the discussion may be made to the Faculty Director of the Graduate School. 

18.11 The Faculty Director of the Graduate School is responsible for reviewing the Panel’s recommendation and for confirming the outcome.  In circumstances where they deem this appropriate, the Faculty Director of the Graduate School may choose to delegate this to a nominee; any such nominee must be a member of the Faculty Graduate School directorate.  Where this is done, the Faculty Director of the Graduate School is responsible for ensuring that appropriate training and support is in place for the nominee and that there is a clear and transparent process within the Faculty to ensure that decisions are applied consistently across all programmes within the Faculty. 

18.12 Should there be any concerns regarding the Assessment Panel’s recommendation, the Faculty Director of the Graduate School (or their nominee) should take steps to engage the Assessment Panel in discussions with a view to satisfactorily resolving the matter. Where amendments are considered necessary, a record of all discussions should be retained and the assessment documentation revised and resubmitted prior to the approval decision being made.    

18.13 Decisions will be made in accordance with the timings as set out in the tables in section 18 of this Code (Progression Monitoring and Reviews: Progression reviews – timings).  Two attempts at each Progression Review are permitted: 

• A research student who fails to meet the criteria required for a successful Progression Review at their second attempt and where the Assessment Panel does not (or, as in the case of MPhil candidates, may not) recommend transfer to MPhil candidature will be withdrawn from the degree and their candidature will be terminated in accordance with the Procedures for circumstances that may lead to termination of postgraduate research degree candidature. 
• A research student who does not submit material by the specified deadline for their first attempt at a Progression Review, and where no request has been submitted and approved under the Regulations Governing Special Considerations and Suspension of Candidature for Postgraduate Research Students, will be deemed to have failed that attempt.  
• A research student who does not submit material by the specified deadline for their second attempt at a Progression Review, and where no request has been submitted and approved under the Regulations Governing Special Considerations and Suspension of Candidature for Postgraduate Research Students, will be deemed to have failed their second attempt and candidature will be terminated in accordance with the Procedures for circumstances that may lead to termination of postgraduate research degree candidature.  

18.14 Termination of candidature has additional significance in the case of research students with Student visas and they should contact the Visa and Immigration Student Advice Service for guidance. 

Progression reviews – timings 

18.15 Research students who enrolled on their studies after 1 August 2016 are required to undertake Progression Reviews as outlined in the Summary of timings of progression reviews for research students who enrolled on their studies on or after 1 August 2016 tables below. The Second Progression Review is known as confirmation of doctoral candidature and must be successfully completed before a research student may submit a thesis for examination.,  

18.16 Should a student’s candidature extend more than twelve months after their Third Progression Review (excepting when that student has already transferred to a period of nominal registration not exceeding six months), the supervisory team should ensure that the student is provided with additional review(s) so as to ensure that there is ongoing supervision and assessment of their progress in the latter stages of their candidature. Such additional reviews should follow the format and process of the Interim Progression Review. 

18.17 Research students will be required to submit the material for a Progression Review normally not later than four working weeks in advance of the decision deadline.  These timings are defined to enable the Assessment Panel to consider the submitted material, hold the Review, and make a recommendation within the specified timeframe. Timings refer to the full month, i.e. the decision from the first attempt at the First Progression Review should be made before the end of month 10. 

21.1 As stated in section 6 of the Regulations for Research Degrees (Duration of Research Degrees), a research student who fails to submit a thesis by the end of the maximum period of study will be deemed to have withdrawn from the programme and candidature will be terminated. The requirements for the production of the thesis for submission (as set out in the Research Degree Candidature Submission and Completion section of the Quality Handbook) should be followed. 

Decision to submit 

21.2 The decision to submit the thesis must be the research student's own. The research student should take note of supervision advice but this advice should not be taken as an indication that the final thesis will fulfil the requirements of the examiners. The main supervisor must inform the Doctoral College (Faculty) Team in writing if the research student submits without their agreement; this information will not be made known to the examiners but may be referred to in any subsequent discussions about the outcome of the examination, particularly where failure leads to an appeal. 

Notification of intention to submit 

21.3 Research students must inform the Doctoral College (Faculty) Team of their intention to submit (using the Intention to Submit form) no later than two months prior to the date of submission in order to allow adequate time for examination arrangements to be made.  A student in suspension is not permitted to indicate intention to submit, and may only do so on their return giving the required minimum two months’ notice as specified above. 

Maximum length of thesis 

21.4 The maximum length of a thesis is normally 75,000 words for a PhD or 50,000 words for an MPhil, excluding references and bibliography, or equivalent in the case of alternative formats of thesis (also see section 21 of this Code (Production and Submission of the Thesis: Alternative formats of thesis submission)). Where appropriate, the Faculty Director of the Graduate School, in their capacity as Chair of Faculty Graduate School Subcommittee, may determine a higher word limit for a specific discipline.  All such decisions must be reported to the Faculty Education and Student Experience Subcommittee. A thesis submitted for an MPhil after a PhD examination is not subject to a maximum length of 50,000 words. The maximum length of the thesis does not include supporting material or evidence which may be bound in as appendices.  Appendices should be clearly marked as such and listed on the contents page.  If appendices are submitted in separate volumes, they must be prepared and bound in the same style as the thesis.  All supporting material or evidence will be available to the examiners and will form part of the record. 

21.5 In deciding whether to include an appendix, the research student should consider the requirements of the research funder as well as the University’s policy on Research Data Management. 

21.6 It is important to remember that the stated maximum word limit is not a target figure; an important aspect of scholarship that must be demonstrated in a thesis is the ability to convey information concisely.  Research students who exceed the stipulated length for the thesis may be required by the examiners to re-submit their thesis in a format which does not exceed the maximum length. 

21.7 Prior to notifying their intention to submit, a research student may present a statement to their supervisory team indicating that the thesis cannot be contained within the stipulated length for reasons relating to the subject material. Should the supervisory team consider a longer thesis is appropriate, its recommendation must be submitted to the Faculty Director of the Graduate School for a decision in advance of the student submitting their thesis for examination. 

Thesis written in a language other than English 

21.8 A thesis may be written in a language other than English with the approval of the Faculty Graduate School Subcommittee. When considering such a request, the nature of the research and discipline will be taken into account by the Faculty Graduate School Subcommittee. It will require assurances that there will be no problems in examining the thesis and that the subsequent published work will be accessible to subject specialists. 

Alternative formats of thesis submission 

21.9 An alternative format of thesis submission is permitted in the following disciplines and details will be advised by the Faculty: 

• Art and Design
• Dance  
• Drama  
• English  
• Film
• Music  
• Performing Arts  

21.10 The submission must consist of two parts: a body of work as appropriate to the discipline (for example substantial original practical work) completed in conjunction with a critical written component with a maximum length of 40,000 words and an indicative minimum of 20,000 words (30,000 and 15,000 words respectively for MPhil). The nature and extent of each component must be proposed by the research student in consultation with the supervisor, for consideration and approval by the Faculty Graduate School Subcommittee by the time of the first Progression Review. The relationship of the components must be such as to form a holistic original research project, demonstrating the criteria as described in section 4 of this Code (The Difference between Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) and Master of Philosophy (MPhil). 

21.11 The submission must consist of two parts: a body of work as appropriate to the discipline (for example substantial original practical work) completed in conjunction with a critical written component with a maximum length of 40,000 words and an indicative minimum of 20,000 words (30,000 and 15,000 words respectively for MPhil). The nature and extent of each component must be proposed by the research student in consultation with the supervisor, for consideration and approval by the Faculty Graduate School Subcommittee by the time of the first Progression Review. The relationship of the components must be such as to form a holistic original research project, demonstrating the criteria as described in section 4 of this Code (The Difference between Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) and Master of Philosophy (MPhil).  

Declaration of authorship 

21.12 At the time of submission, a thesis should include a signed declaration from the research student that the material presented for examination is their own work and has not been submitted for any other award (and, where relevant, how it relates to a group project). 

Academic integrity 

21.13 The Regulations Governing Academic Integrity state that research students are required to complete their work, and where relevant their professional practice, in accordance with the principles and practices set out in those Regulations. In particular, all research students should avoid breaches of academic integrity such as plagiarism, cheating, falsification and recycling, breaching ethical standards and misconduct in research.  Suspected breaches of academic integrity will be investigated via the procedures set down within the Regulations. 

22.1 Once a research student has given notice of their intention to submit a thesis, examiners must be appointed and arrangements made for the examination.  Responsibility for approving the arrangements for the examination rests with the Faculty Graduate School directorate. The examination process, including the viva voce, should normally be completed within three months of submission.  The Guidance for Examiners of Postgraduate Research Awards sets out further details. 

22.2 The Regulations Governing Academic Integrity apply to the examination of the student’s thesis and any suspected breach should be reported to the Internal Examiner who is responsible for referring the matter to the relevant School’s Academic Integrity Officer for investigation. 

22.3 The examiners are nominated by the co-ordinating supervisor in accordance with the criteria and process set out within the following paragraphs of this Code.    

22.4 In order to ensure externality and quality assurance of choices made and justifications provided, all examiners' nominations should be approved by the Faculty Director of the Graduate School in their capacity as Chair of Faculty Graduate School Subcommittee (or a (sole and named) deputy who must be a member of the Faculty Graduate School directorate).  Alternatively, the Faculty Director of the Graduate School may choose to refer the nomination to the Faculty Graduate School Subcommittee for its consideration. 

Examiners: role, responsibilities and general criteria for appointment 

22.5 The examiners are responsible for conducting the assessment of the student’s submission in accordance with the Regulations for Research Degrees and Higher Doctorates and with this Code.  The examiners’ responsibilities do not end with the submission of their joint report and recommendation. Responsibilities also include the subsequent assessment and certification of further work required of the student and/or attendance at any additional viva voce and, unless otherwise permitted, the same examiners should be retained throughout the examination process.   

22.6 The research student will normally be examined by one external examiner and one internal examiner. In exceptional circumstances, one additional external examiner may be appointed. Two external examiners and one internal examiner must be appointed for research students who are members of staff of the University of Southampton. For this purpose, a member of staff is defined as stated in the Regulations for Members of Staff in Candidature for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 

22.7 One examiner, either the internal or the external, may be drawn from the confirmation panel (e.g. an internal member of staff who acted in the role of Independent Assessor or an external Assessor if used) provided that they have had no further material contact with the research project since the confirmation, and that the other examiner is entirely new to the project. 

22.8 Examiners, both internal and external, should have sufficient experience and appropriate subject expertise to be able to examine effectively. They should also be sensitive to, and take into account in the examining process, reasonable adjustments, equality and diversity. Collectively, the examiners should have acted as examiner for at least three doctoral examinations, and be familiar with examination practice and standards in the UK. As an example, if the external examiner possesses subject expertise but limited UK examining experience, this may be compensated for by a suitably UK-experienced internal examiner. 

22.9 Additional and specific criteria for the appointment of the internal and external examiners is set out in the following paragraphs of this Code. 

Internal examiners: criteria for appointment 

22.10 Academic members of University of Southampton staff with appropriate expertise and the ability to offer impartial scrutiny of the thesis submitted for examination may be appointed as internal examiners.  Individuals who are not members of University of Southampton staff but who hold Visiting Professor, Fellow or Academic status may not be appointed as internal examiners, with the exception of the following: 

• An individual holding a substantive post within University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust or associated NHS organisation, or a member of staff employed at the Natural Environmental Research Council or the National Oceanography Centre, or an individual who has a similar joint employment status between the University of Southampton and its partners.  In such cases, an Independent Chair must be appointed in accordance with section 22 of this Code (Examination: The independent chair). 

22.11 No member of either the current or any previous supervisory team may be appointed as an internal examiner; nor may they take part in the judgement of the thesis under consideration in any other way. In addition, other researchers who have had any co-authoring or collaborative involvement in the research student's work, or whose own work is the focus of the research project such that there would be  a conflict of interest or potential lack of objectivity, may not be appointed as internal or external examiners.  Members of staff who have had pastoral involvement with the research student such that objectivity would potentially be affected may also not be appointed to the examining team. 

External examiners 

22.12 External examiners should be independent of the University of Southampton and have the ability to offer impartial scrutiny of the thesis submitted for examination.  The criteria for appointing external examiners for research degrees should be followed. 

22.13 External examiners should normally hold an academic post in another higher education institution. Nominations for external examiners who do not hold such positions should be accompanied by a statement outlining their suitability and ability to examine, and there should be sufficient evidence of their research experience and expertise in the subject. 

22.14 Former employees and graduates of the University are not eligible to be external examiners until an interval of at least three years has elapsed. 

22.15 External examiners should have had no formal academic contact with the research student during the period of research candidature and, although reciprocity may be more difficult to avoid than for taught programmes, examiners should not be appointed from within a Faculty where University of Southampton members of staff have recently examined for the same subject if at all possible. Similarly, external examiners would not normally be expected to be reappointed if they have examined a research student at the University of Southampton within the last two years. In exceptional circumstances, the Faculty Director of the Graduate School, in consultation with the Director of the Doctoral College, may appoint an external examiner who has examined a doctoral degree at the University of Southampton within the last two years.  Members of University of Southampton staff are ineligible to act as external examiners for University of Southampton awards. 

The independent chair 

22.16 An Independent Chair must be appointed by the Faculty Director of the Graduate School (in their capacity as Chair of Faculty Graduate School Subcommittee) in the following circumstances: 

• where the student is undertaking a second attempt at a Progression Review;
• in response to any request from the Faculty Graduate School Subcommittee, an examiner, a member of the supervisory team or the research student; 
• where the examination team is inexperienced at examining under the UK system (when one examiner has never conducted a viva voce before); 
• where the internal examiner holds a substantive post within University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust or associated NHS organisation, or is a member of staff employed at the National Oceanography Centre, or has a similar joint employment status between the University of Southampton and its partners; 
• where there have been substantial difficulties with research student progress;
• where the research student is undertaking an additional viva voce either with or without a resubmission of the thesis. 

Role of the supervisory team in the examination process 

22.21 A supervisor should be available to provide clarification at the viva voce if requested by the examiners. At the request of the research student, one member of the supervisory team may be invited to attend the viva voce.  A supervisor who is in attendance at the viva voce will not play an active role in the examination and may not take part in the judgment of the thesis under consideration. 

22.22 Such requests should be made in writing, by the research student, to the Doctoral College (Faculty) Team for consideration by the Faculty Director of the Graduate School. 

The viva voce 

22.23 The document Guidance for Examiners of Postgraduate Research Awards provides additional information for staff and examiners in preparing for a viva voce. 

• The viva voce will be chaired by the internal examiner or by an Independent Chair appointed by the Faculty Director of the Graduate School for this purpose. The criteria for appointment, the role, responsibilities and reporting arrangements are detailed in section 22 of this Code (Examination: The independent chair). 

22.24 Videoconference (or other suitable technologically-based communication) arrangements can be made for the conduct of the viva voce, provided all parties agree to these arrangements and all necessary safeguards are in place to facilitate the smooth running of the examination. The Faculty should seek specialist advice from iSolutions as to the best method of facilitating a viva voce via videoconference and should consult the guidance document Conducting a viva voce as a videoconference, available on the Quality Handbook. 

22.25 In preparing for and conducting the viva voce, reasonable adjustments will be made, where necessary, to accommodate any additional needs of the research student. In particular, examiners should be informed of any measures or adjustments needed in conducting the examination. For example, it is important that the room in which the viva voce is to be held is appropriately arranged to ensure physical accessibility and clear communication. 

The examiners’ reports and their recommendation 

22.26 Each examiner will prepare an independent written report on the thesis which should be submitted to the Doctoral College (Faculty) Team not less than five working days before the date of the viva voce.  The Team will share the reports with all members of the examining team prior to the viva voce to aid the examiners’ preliminary discussion. 

22.27 Following the viva voce, the Examiners' Joint Report and Recommendation Form (or equivalent in PGR Manager) which sets out the criteria for assessing the research student as defined in section 4 of this Code (The Difference between Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) and Master of Philosophy (MPhil)) should be completed and signed by all members of the examining team.  The examiners' recommendation must take one of the forms as specified in section 15 of the Regulations for Research Degrees (Outcomes of the Examination).  The Joint Report and Recommendation Form (and a copy of any additional instructions that have been provided direct to the student (e.g. annotated copies of the thesis; lists of required corrections)) should be submitted by the chair to the Doctoral College (Faculty) Team within one working week of the date of the viva voce. 

22.28 In the exceptional situation that the appointed examiners are unable to reach agreement, each examiner shall submit an additional independent report of the viva voce and recommendation to the Faculty Director of the Graduate School who will recommend to the Faculty Education and Student Experience Subcommittee the appointment of an additional external examiner to assess the thesis and the original examiners' reports.  The Doctoral College (Faculty) Team will provide the additional external examiner with a copy of the thesis and the independent reports of the original examiners.  The additional external examiner will be permitted to interview the student in the presence of an Independent Chair before submitting a final report and recommendation to the Faculty Director of the Graduate School. 

Consideration of examiners’ recommendations 

22.29 The examiners’ independent reports and their joint recommendation should be scrutinised and approved by the Faculty Director of the Graduate School, in their capacity as Chair of the Faculty Graduate School Subcommittee.  The Faculty Director of the Graduate School may, if they consider it appropriate, authorise a single, named, deputy to undertake this task. In such instances, the deputy must be an academic member of University of Southampton staff and a member of the Faculty Graduate School directorate. 

22.30 Should the Faculty Director of the Graduate School have concerns about the content of the examiners’ joint report and/or their recommendation, they (or their nominee) should take steps to engage the examiners in discussion with a view to satisfactorily resolving the matter.  Where amendments are considered necessary, a record of all discussions should be retained and the examination documentation revised and resubmitted prior to the approval decision being made.  

22.31 In the exceptional situation of examiners failing to agree (as described in paragraph 22.28 of this Code), the Faculty Director of the Graduate School (or their nominee) shall consider the independent reports of the original examiners and the final report and recommendation of the additional external examiner, before making a recommendation to the Faculty Education and Student Experience Subcommittee. 

Outcome and award 

22.32 Following approval of the examiners’ recommendations, the approved outcome should be communicated to the research student by the Doctoral College (Faculty) Team within one month of the date of the viva voce.  A copy of the completed examiners’ Joint Report and Recommendation Form and, if amendments are required, written guidance on revisions to the thesis should be provided. The timing for amendments begins at the point the research student receives the written report from the Doctoral College (Faculty) Team. 

22.33 A research student required to make minor or modest amendments, or to submit a revised thesis for re-examination, should be given a clear and prompt statement by the examiners of what is required.  When minor amendments have been submitted, the research student should normally be informed whether the amendments have been certified within three weeks of their submission. In the case of modest amendments, the research student should normally be informed whether the amendments have been certified within six weeks of their submission, or sooner if possible. It is the responsibility of the co-ordinating supervisor to ensure that the amendments are approved by the examiner(s) promptly so that the research student's degree can be awarded as soon as possible. 

22.34 Should a member of the original examining team be unable or unwilling (e.g. failure to respond within expected timescales) to complete the assessment of further work required of a student following the examination outcome (e.g. minor or modest amendments and/or attendance at any additional viva voce), the Faculty Director of the Graduate School should submit a proposal to the Postgraduate Research Quality Monitoring and Enhancement (PGR QME) Subcommittee for a new examiner to be appointed.  

22.35 As specified in section 15 of the Regulations for Research Degrees (Outcomes of the Examination), a research student who fails to submit an amended or revised thesis by the date set by the examiners shall normally be regarded as having failed the examination, the recommendations of the examiners shall lapse and the candidate shall be deemed to have withdrawn from the degree. In exceptional circumstances a revised date for submitting corrections may be approved in accordance with the Regulations Governing Special Considerations and Suspension of Candidature for Postgraduate Research Students. 

22.36 The award will be made by Senate on the recommendation of the Faculty Education and Student Experience Subcommittee. 

Complaints procedure 

24.1 If, during the period of study, the research student feels that the research project is not proceeding satisfactorily for reasons outside their control or that an effective working relationship with a supervisor is not being established or maintained, they should first consult another member of the supervisory team about the situation, or a member of the Faculty Graduate School directorate. If such discussions do not improve matters, the research student should refer to the University's Regulations Governing Student Complaints. The Regulations explain in detail the procedure for submitting a complaint, as well as providing information about using mediation as an alternative informal method of dispute resolution. Research students can obtain free, independent and confidential advice about submitting a complaint from the Students’ Union Advice Centre. 

Appeals procedure 

24.2 Provided they have grounds, a research student may appeal any academic decision made by the University, with the exception of the exclusions specified in the University's Regulations Governing Academic Appeals by Students.  Research students are advised to consult with the Students’ Union Advice Centre which can provide free, independent and confidential advice as well as representation in such matters.