Phone:: (023) 8059 6868
Email:: M.Stokes@soton.ac.uk

Professor Maria Stokes PhD FCSP Grad Dip Phys SRP

Professor of Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation

Related links: Personal homepage

Professor Maria Stokes joined the University of Southampton in 2004 and leads the Active Living Technologies Research Group in the Faculty of Health Sciences. Her research interest is in musculoskeletal health, specifically in exercise to maintain healthy joints and mobility.

Opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration were what drew me to Southampton and are proving to be very rewarding

Research

Responsibilities

Publications

Teaching

Biography and CV

Contact

Research interests

The research aims to optimise function and enable active living through multidisciplinary research into healthy ageing of the musculoskeletal system and physical management of musculoskeletal conditions.
Research Themes:

Healthy ageing - maintenance of independence for as long as possible
Investigating mechanisms of movement to increase understanding of normal musculoskeletal function, dysfunction and recovery (biomechanics of movement and physiology of motor control)
Prevention and rehabilitation of musculoskeletal conditions, such as back, hip, knee, shoulder and hand pain
Exercise and osteoarthritis – prehabilitation programmes for prevention of injury and progression to osteoarthritis in elite and recreational sports
Development and application of health technologies to aid research, clinical assessment and effectiveness of rehabilitation
Assessing risk of muscle injury by non-invasive testing of mechanical properties using a novel hand-held device, the MyotonPRO. Projects include reliability and validity; basic science studies to increase understanding of the physiological relevance of muscle characteristics tested by the device; producing databases of values for different muscles in various healthy, elite sports and patient populations
Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging (RUSI) in physiotherapy practice and research, as an assessment and biofeedback tool to aid re-education of muscle function. Studies include development of protocols for imaging different skeletal muscles; characterising muscle size and architecture in different healthy and pathological cohorts (e.g. low back pain); using RUSI as an outcome measure in clinical treatment trials.

‘Remote sensing of activity in sport’

Lavinia Otescue
Supervisors: Dr A Forrester, Prof M Heller, Prof M Stokes
Funded by: Arthritis Research UK and Faculty of Engineering & the Environment, University of Southampton

Completed PhDs

‘Non-invasive indicators of musculoskeletal ageing'
Sandra Agyapong-Badu
Supervisors: Prof M Stokes, Dr D Samuel, Dr A Forrester
Funded by: Ghana Education Trust Fund;
and Faculty of Health Sciences Studentship

‘Motion analysis of movement dysfunction in musculoskeletal disorders'
Martin Warner
Supervisors: Prof M Stokes, Dr P Chappell, Prof V Humphrey
Funded by: Vicon (Oxford) Ltd

‘Clinical utility of ultrasound imaging in the management of back pain'
Jackie L Whittaker
Supervisors: Prof M Stokes, Prof V Humphrey
Funded by: Ion Medical Solutions (USA)

‘The epidemiology and clinical importance of forefoot bursae in patients with rheumatoid arthritis'
Lindsey Hooper
Supervisors: Dr C Bowen, Dr C Edwards, Prof N Arden, Prof M Stokes
Funded by: National Institute for Health Research, Clinical Doctoral Research Fellowship

‘Assessing the performance of knee arthroplasty using clinical testing, motion analysis, electromyography (EMG) and musculoskeletal modelling'
Peter Worsley
Supervisors Prof M Taylor, Prof D Barrett, Prof M Stokes
Funded by: DePuy Orthopaedics (Johnson & Johnson)

‘Coccydynia in Taiwanese women: a biomechanical and physiological study'
San-Pei Chen
Supervisors: Prof M Stokes, Dr P Chappell, Prof R Allen

‘Mechanics of patello-femoral joint dysfunction - usefulness of the Q-angle'
Fleur Kitsell
Supervisors: Prof M Stokes, Dr P Jackson, Dr D Samuel
Funded by: Private Physiotherapy Education Foundation (PPEF)

‘Dynamic evaluation of female pelvic floor muscle function using 2D ultrasound and image processing methods'
Ruth Lovegrove Jones
Supervisors: Prof M Stokes, Prof C Constantinou, Prof V Humphrey

‘The role of rehabilitative ultrasound imaging In the assessment of trapezius muscle dysfunction'
Cliona O'Sullivan (University College Dublin)
Supervisors: Prof M Stokes, Dr U McCarthy-Persson

Research group

Active Living and Rehabilitation

Research project(s)

Motion analysis of movement dysfunction in musculoskeletal disorders

Research to measure abnormal movement accurately with a view to improving diagnosis and treatment.

Optimized athlete body sensor networks for simulation-based performance analysis

Development of a system of wearable sensors that gather information about the movement of athletes so that it is possible to optimize the athlete's technique in much the same way as an aircraft's shape is optimized.

Clinical utility of ultrasound imaging in the management of low back pain

The outcome of the project will determine whether Ultrasound imaging can enhance the assessment of individuals with lower back pain and provides a basis for further investigation of the potential impact of this tool on treatment effectiveness, and hence advance the standard of care for people with these problems.

Assessing the performance of knee athroplasty using clinical testing, motion analysis, electromyography (EMG) and musculoskeletal modeling

This project aims to use the latest clinical testing, motion analysis, and musculoskeletal modelling to assess patients’ function in individuals with degenerative joint disease.

Objective Measurements of Clinical Tests of Dissociation of the Scapula using Motion Analysis - Dormant

This project examined how accurate some clinical tests of shoulder movement were and how reliable they were on repeated testing.

Development of novel dynamometry for the assessment of muscle strength and endurance in epidemiological studies on older people - Dormant

This project aimed to develop suitable equipment and test methods for measuring arm and leg muscle strength and endurance in older people.

The development and validation of a kinematic model for the measurement of scapular kinematics

Measuring movement of the shoulder, particularly the scapula (shoulder blade), is difficult due to its gliding nature beneath the surface of the skin. This project aims to develop a suitable method to overcome these problems using a sophisticated system for analyzing movement of the body.

Optimized athlete body sensor networks for simulation-based performance analysis

We have developed a system of wearable sensors that gather information about the movement of athletes so that we can then simulate what their muscles are doing, their aerodynamic drag, etc. This will allow us to optimize the athlete's technique in much the same way as an aircraft's shape is optimized.

Movement dysfunction in footballers with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)

This study aims to investigate whether there are altered biomechanics, muscle activation and movement patterns in young footballers with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) that can cause hip and groin pain. More specifically, this study aims to establish appropriate functional tests from existing clinical tests, for examining kinematics and muscle activity, to determine the feasibility of test protocols for a larger study to examine mechanisms underlying movement dysfunction. This work forms the basis for studies to develop and evaluate exercise interventions to manage and prevent FAI.

Novel technology for assessing muscle tone and mechnical properties: MyotonPRO

Deputy Director of Southampton Statistical Sciences Research Institute (S3RI)

Head of Musculoskeletal Research Cluster, Faculty of Health Sciences

Director (Academic) of Southampton Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSKRU) -Southampton University Hospitals Trust / University of Southampton

Mentorship for Health Research Training Fellows Steering Group (Clinical Academic Training for Nurses, Midwives and Allied Health Professions and Healthcare Scientist Programmes):

2012 - present www.healthresearchmentor.org.uk

Chartered Society of Physiotherapy Research & Development Committee:

2010 - present www.csp.org.uk

Manual Therapy journal, International Advisory Board: 2009-present; www.manualtherapyjournal.com

Visiting Professor, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin, Ireland, June 2008-present www.ucd.ie/phpps

Allied Health Research Network (AHPRN) Core Executive Committee: 2005-present; www.csp.org.uk/ahprn

Clinical Rehabilitation Sub-Editor: 1994-present www.cre.sagepub.com

Articles

Herrick, I., Brown, S., Agyapong-Badu, S., Warner, M., Ewings, S., Samuel, D., & Stokes, M. (2017). Anterior thigh tissue thickness measured using ultrasound imaging in older recreational female golfers and sedentary controls. Geriatrics, 2(1). DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics2010010

Stokes, M., Evetts, S., & Hides, J. (2017). Guest Editorial for Musculoskeletal Science and Practice Supplement on: Terrestrial neuro-musculoskeletal rehabilitation and astronaut reconditioning: reciprocal knowledge transfer. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice Supplement, 27, S1-S4. DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2016.10.003

Stockdale, A., Webb, N., Wootton, J., Drennan, J., Brown, S., & Stokes, M. (2017). Muscle strength and functional ability in recreational female golfers and less active non-golfers over the age of 80 years. Geriatrics, 2(1), [12]. DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics2010012

Hides, J., Lambrecht, G., Ramdharry, G., Cusack, R., Bloomberg, J., & Stokes, M. (2017). Parallels between astronauts and terrestrial patients – taking physiotherapy rehabilitation “To infinity and beyond”. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, 27(1), S32-S37. DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2016.12.008

Petersen, N., Lambrecht, G., Scott, J., Hirsch, N., Stokes, M., & Mester, J. (2017). Postflight reconditioning for European Astronauts – a case report of recovery after six months in space. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, 27, S23-S31. DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2016.12.010

Winnard, A., Nasser, M., Debuse, D., Stokes, M., Evetts, S., Wilkinson, M., ... Caplan, N. (2017). Systematic Review of countermeasures to minimise physiological changes and risk of injury to the lumbopelvic area following long-term microgravity. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice Supplement, 27, S5-S14. DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2016.12.009

Burridge, J., Lee, A., Turk, R., Stokes, M., Whitall, J., Vaidyanathan, R., ... Yardley, L. (2017). Telehealth, wearable sensors and the Internet: Will they improve stroke outcomes through increased intensity of therapy, motivation and adherence to rehabilitation programs? Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy, 41, S32-S38. DOI: 10.1097/NPT.0000000000000183

Welch, D., Ndanyo, L. S., Brown, S., Agyapong-Badu, S., Warner, M., Stokes, M., & Samuel, D. (2017). Thigh muscle and subcutaneous tissue thickness measured using ultrasound imaging in older females living in extended care: a preliminary study. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research.

Webb, A., O'sullivan, E., Stokes, M., & Mottram, S. (2016). A novel cadaveric study of the morphometry of the serratus anterior muscle: one part, two parts, three parts, four? Anatomical Science International, 1-10. DOI: 10.1007/s12565-016-0379-1

Janssen, J., Callaghan, M., Witvrouw, E., Sutton, C., Richards, J., Stokes, M., ... Dey, P. (2016). Are there three main subgroups within the patellofemoral pain population? A detailed characterisation study of 127 patients to help develop targeted Intervention (TIPPs). British Journal of Sports Medicine, 1-23. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094792

Agyapong-Badu, S., Warner, M., Samuel, D., & Stokes, M. (2016). Measurement of ageing effects on muscle tone and mechanical properties of rectus femoris and biceps brachii in healthy males and females using a novel hand-held myometric device. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 62, 59-67. DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.09.011

Rowsome, K., Comerford, M., Mottram, S., Samuel, D., & Stokes, M. (2016). Movement control testing of older people in community settings: description of a screening tool and intra-rater reliability. Working Papers in Health Sciences, 1(15), 1-12.

Whittaker, J. L., Booysen, N., de la Motte, S., Dennett, L., Lewis, C., Wilson, D., ... Stokes, M. (2016). Predicting sport and occupational lower extremity injury risk through movement quality screening: a systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 1-54. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096760

Lambrecht, G., Petersen, N., Weerts, G., Pruett, C., Evetts, S., Stokes, M., & Hides, J. (2016). The role of physiotherapy in the European Space Agency Strategy for preparation and reconditioning of astronauts before and after long duration space flight. Manual Therapy.

Worsley, P., Whatling, G., Barrett, D. S., Holt, C., Stokes, M., & Taylor, M. (2015). Assessing changes in subjective and objective function from pre- to post-knee arthroplasty using the Cardiff Dempster–Shafer theory classifier. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering. DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2015.1034115

Schneider, S., Peipsi, A., Knicker, A., Stokes, M., & Abeln, V. (2015). Feasibility of monitoring muscle health in microgravity environments using Myoton technology. Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, 53(1), 57-66. DOI: 10.1007/s11517-014-1211-5

Mischiati, C. R., Comerford, M., Gosford, E., Swart, J., Ewings, S., Botha, N., ... Mottram, S. (2015). Intra and inter-rater reliability of screening for movement impairments: movement control tests from the foundation matrix. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 14(2), 427-440.

Warner, M., Chappell, P., & Stokes, M. (2015). Measurement of dynamic scapular kinematics using an acromion marker cluster to minimize skin movement artifact. Journal of Visualized Experiments, 96(e51717). DOI: 10.3791/51717

Warwick, D. J., Shaikh, A., Worsley, P., Gadola, S. D., Bain, D., Tucker, A., & Stokes, M. (2015). Microcirculation in the foot is augmented by neuromuscular stimulation via the common peroneal nerve in different lower limb postures: a potential treatment for leg ulcers. International Angiology, 34(2), 158-165.

Warner, M., Whatling, G., Worsley, P., Mottram, S., Chappell, P. H., Holt, C., & Stokes, M. (2015). Objective classification of scapular kinematics in participants with movement faults of the scapula on clinical assessment. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 18(7), 782-789. DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2013.847093

Bennell, K., Van Ginckel, A., Kean, C. O., Nelligan, R. K., French, S. D., Stokes, M., ... Hinman, R. S. (2015). Patient knowledge and beliefs about knee osteoarthritis after ACL injury and reconstruction. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 1-26. DOI: 10.1002/acr.22794

Adams, J., Woods-Townsend, K., Grace, M., Warner, M., Bowen, C., McQueen, P., ... Stokes, M. (2015). Raising teenagers awareness of musculoskeletal health through LIFELAB: a collaboration between school students, teachers and clinical academic researchers. Rheumatology, 54(S1), i37.

Little, P., Stuart, B., Stokes, M., Nicholls, C., Roberts, L., Preece, S., ... Smith, P. (2014). Alexander technique and Supervised Physiotherapy Exercises in back paiN (ASPEN): a four-group randomised feasibility trial. Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation, 1(2), 1-106. DOI: 10.3310/eme01020

Agyapong-Badu, S., Warner, M. B., Samuel, D., Narici, M., Cooper, C., & Stokes, M. (2014). Anterior thigh composition measured using ultrasound imaging to quantify relative thickness of muscle and non-contractile tissue: a potential biomarker for musculoskeletal health. Physiological Measurement, 35(10), 2165-2176. DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/35/10/2165

Botha, N., Warner, M., Gimpel, M., Mottram, S., Comerford, M., & Stokes, M. (2014). Movement patterns during a small knee bend test in academy footballers with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Health Sciences Working Papers, 1(10), 1-24.

Worsley, P., Kitsell, F., Samuel, D., & Stokes, M. (2014). Validity of measuring distal vastus medialis muscle using rehabilitative ultrasound imaging versus magnetic resonance imaging. Manual Therapy, 19, 259-263. DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2014.02.002

Whittaker, J. L., Warner, M., & Stokes, M. (2013). Comparison of the sonographic features of the abdominal wall muscles and connective tissues in individuals with and without lumbopelvic pain. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 43(1), 11-19. DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2013.4450

Barbosa Boucas, S., Hislop, K., Dziedic, K., Arden, N., Burridge, J. H., Hammond, A., ... Adams, J. (2013). Defining optimal NHS occupational therapy treatment, individualized splint and placebo splint for patients with thumb base OA: a Delphi study. Rheumatology, 52, i105-i105.

Barbosa Boucas, S., Hislop, K., Dziedzic, K., Arden, N. K., Burridge, J. H., Hammond, A., ... Adams, J. (2013). Differences between service providers and users when defining feasible optimal NHS occupational therapy treatment for patients with thumb base OA: results from a Delphi study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 72(S3), 779-780.

White, C., Dixon, K., Samuel, D., & Stokes, M. (2013). Handgrip and quadriceps muscle endurance testing in young adults. SpringerPlus, 451. DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-451

Agyapong-Badu, S., Aird, L., Bailey, L., Mooney, K., Mullix, J., Warner, M., ... Stokes, M. (2013). Interrater reliability of muscle tone, stiffness and elasticity measurements of rectus femoris and biceps brachii in healthy young and older males. Working Papers in Health Sciences, 1(4), 1-11.

Worsley, P., Stokes, M., Barrett, D. S., & Taylor, M. (2013). Joint loading asymmetries in knee replacement patients observed both pre- and six months post-operation. Clinical Biomechanics. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2013.07.014

Worsley, P., Warner, M., Mottram, S., Gadola, S. D., Veeger, H. E. J., Hermens, H., ... Stokes, M. (2013). Motor control retraining exercises for shoulder impingement: effects on function, muscle activation, and biomechanics in young adults. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 22(4), 11-19. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2012.06.010

Warrick, D. J., Shaikh, A., Gadola, S. D., Stokes, M., Worsley, P., Bain, D., & Tucker, A. (2013). Neuromuscular electrostimulation via the common peroneal nerve promotes lower limb blood flow in a below-knee cast: a potential for thromboprophylaxis. Bone and Joint Research, 2(9), 179-185. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.29.2000176

Bailey, L., Samuel, D., Warner, M. B., & Stokes, M. (2013). Parameters representing muscle tone, elasticity and stiffness of biceps brachii in healthy older males: symmetry and within-session reliability using the MyotonPRO. Journal of Neurological Disorders, 1(1), 1-7. DOI: 10.4172/jnd.1000116

Barnes, N., Agyapong-Badu, S., Walsh, B., Stokes, M., & Samuel, D. (2013). Reliability and acceptability of measuring sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) and peak inspiratory flow (PIF) to assess respiratory muscle strength in older adults: a preliminary study. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. DOI: 10.1007/s40520-013-0146-2

Teyhen, D., Childs, J., Stokes, M., Wright, A., Dugan, J., & George, S. (2012). Abdominal and lumbar multifidus muscle size and symmetry at rest and during contracted states: normative reference ranges. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 31(7), 1099-1110. DOI: 10.7863/jum.2012.31.7.1099

Samuel, D., Wilson, K., Martin, H. J., Allen, R., Aihie Sayer, A., & Stokes, M. (2012). Age-associated changes in hand grip and quadriceps muscle strength ratios in healthy adults. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 24(3), 245-250. DOI: 10.1007/BF03325252

Galloway, F., Worsley, P., Stokes, M., Nair, P., & Taylor, M. (2012). Development of a statistical model of knee kinetics for applications in pre-clinical testing. Journal of Biomechanics, 45(1), 191-195. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.09.009

Agyapong-Badu, S., Warner, M., Samuel, D., & Stokes, M. (2012). Effects of ageing on mechanical properties of the rectus femoris in adult males. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 20(S1), S233-S234.

Agyapong-Badu, S., Warner, M., Samuel, D., & Stokes, M. (2012). Inter-rater reliability of measuring mechanical properties of rectus femoris and biceps brachii in young males using a new portable device (MyotonPRO). Proceedings of CSP Congress, 22-22.

Warner, M. B., Chappell, P. H., & Stokes, M. J. (2012). Measuring scapular kinematics during arm lowering using the acromion marker cluster. Human Movement Science, 31(2), 386-396. DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2011.07.004

Adams, J., Ryall, C., Pandyan, A., Metcalf, C., Stokes, M., Bradley, S., & Warwick, D. J. (2012). Proximal interphalangeal joint replacement in patients with arthritis of the hand: a meta-analysis. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 94-B(10), 1305 -1312. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.94B10.29035

Aird, L., Samuel, D., & Stokes, M. (2012). Quadriceps muscle tone, elasticity and stiffness in older males: reliability and symmetry using the MyotonPRO. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 55(2), e31-e39. DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2012.03.005

Barnes, N., Agyapong-Badu, S., Walsh, B., Samuel, D., & Stokes, M. J. (2012). Reliability and acceptability of sniff nasal inspiratory pressure and peak inspiratory flow measurement in adults over 65. Age and Ageing, 41(S2), ii83.

Agyapong-Badu, S., Aird, L., Bailey, L., Warner, M. B., Samuel, D., & Stokes, M. J. (2012). Reliability of measuring viscoelastic properties of rectus femoris and biceps brachii in community-dwelling older adults using the Myoton-Pro device. Age and Ageing, 41(S2), ii2. DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afs112

Mamun, K. A., Mace, M., Gupta, L., Verschuur, C. A., Lutman, M. E., Stokes, M., ... Wang, S. (2012). Robust real-time identification of tongue movement commands from interferences. Neurocomputing, 80, 83-92. DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2011.09.018

Mullix, J., Warner, M., & Stokes, M. (2012). Testing muscle tone and mechanical properties of rectus femoris and biceps femoris using a novel hand held MyotonPRO device: relative ratios and reliability. Working Papers in Health Sciences, 1(1), 1-8.

Worsley, P., Stokes, M., & Taylor, M. (2011). Predicted knee kinematics and kinetics during functional activities using motion capture and musculoskeletal modelling in healthy older people. Gait & Posture, 33(2), 268-273. DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.11.018

Whittaker, J. L., & Stokes, M. J. (2011). Ultrasound imaging and muscle function. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2011.3682,

Worsley, P., Smith, N., Warner, M., & Stokes, M. (2011). Ultrasound transducer shape has no effect on measurements of lumbar multifidus muscle size. Manual Therapy. DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2011.07.001

Delaney, S., Worsley, P., Warner, M., Taylor, M., & Stokes, M. (2010). Assessing contractile ability of the quadriceps muscle using ultrasound imaging. Muscle & Nerve, 42(4), 530-538. DOI: 10.1002/mus.21725

Worsley, P., Stokes, M., & Taylor, M. (2010). B-15 comparison of osteoarthritic knee kinematics and kinetics with age matched healthy individuals. Journal of Biomechanics, 43, S29. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9290(10)70052-X

Purdue, A. I., Forrester, A. I. J., Taylor, M., Stokes, M. J., Hansen, E. A., & Rasmussen, J. (2010). Efficient human force transmission tailored for the individual cyclist. Procedia Engineering, 2(2), 2543-2548. DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2010.04.029

Lovegrove Jones, R. C., Peng, Q., Stokes, M., Humphrey, V. F., Payne, C., & Constantinou, C. E. (2010). Mechanisms of pelvic floor muscle function and the effect on the urethra during a cough. European Urology, 57(6), 1101-1110. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2009.06.011

Phillips, C. W. G., Forrester, A. I. J., Purdue, A. I., & Stokes, M. J. (2010). Optimisation of a bicycle chainring to aid in rehabilitation of athletes suffering from patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Procedia Engineering, 2(2), 3151-3156. DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2010.04.125

Warner, M., Novellino, A., Stokes, M., Astill, S., & Maccione, A. (2010). Reliability of kinematic parameters during unilateral upper limb reaching tasks using a portable motion tracking system. Journal of Medical Engineering and Technology, 34(3).

Bentman, S., O’Sullivan, C., & Stokes, M. (2010). Thickness of the middle trapezius muscle measured by rehabilitative ultrasound imaging: description of the technique and reliability study. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, 30(6), 426-431. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-097X.2010.00960.x

Whittaker, J. L., Warner, M. B., & Stokes, M. J. (2010). Ultrasound Imaging Transducer Motion during Clinical Maneuvers: Respiration, Active Straight Leg Raise Test and Abdominal Drawing In. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 36(8), 1288-1297. DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.04.020

Whittaker, J., Warner, M., & Stokes, M. (2009). Induced transducer orientation during ultrasound imaging: effects on abdominal muscle thickness and bladder position. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 35(11), 1803-1811. DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.05.018

Samuel, D., Wilson, K., Martin, H., Allen, R., Aihie Sayer, A., & Stokes, M. (2009). Relationship between hand grip and quadriceps strength in young and older people. Proceedings of the Physiological Society, (PC9), 14.

O'Sullivan, C., Meaney, J., Boyle, G., Gormley, J., & Stokes, M. (2009). The validity of Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging for measurement of trapezius muscle thickness. Manual Therapy, 14, 572-578. DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2008.12.005

Warner, M. B., Cotton, A., & Stokes, M. J. (2007). Comparison of curvilinear and linear ultrasound imaging probes for measuring cross-sectional area and linear dimensions. Journal of Medical Engineering and Technology, 32(6), 498-504. DOI: 10.1080/03091900701695533

Coldron, Y., Stokes, M. J., Newham, D. J., & Cook, K. (2007). Postpartum characteristics of rectus abdominis on ultrasound imaging. Manual Therapy, 1-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2006.10.001

O’Sullivan, C., Bentman, S., Bennett, K., & Stokes, M. (2007). Rehabilitative ultrasound imaging of the lower trapezius muscle: technical description and reliability. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 37(10), 620-626. DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2007.2446

Stokes, M., Hides, J., Elliott, J., Kiesel, K., & Hodges, P. (2007). Rehabilitative ultrasound imaging of the posterior paraspinal muscles. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 37(10), 581-595.

Whittaker, J. L., Elliott, J. M., Cook, K., Langevin, H. M., Dahl, H. H., Stokes, M., & Teyhen, D. S. (2007). Rehabilitative ultrasound imaging: understanding the technology and its applications. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 37(8), 434-449. DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2007.2530

Rankin, G., Stokes, M., & Newham, D. J. (2006). Abdominal muscle size and symmetry in normal subjects. Muscle & Nerve, 34(3), 320-326. DOI: 10.1002/mus.20589

Rankin, G., Stokes, M., & Newham, D. J. (2005). Size and shape of the posterior neck muscles measured by ultrasound imaging: normal values in males and females of different ages. Manual Therapy, 10(2), 108 - 115. DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2004.08.004

Stokes, M., Rankin, G., & Newham, D. (2005). Ultrasound imaging of lumbar multifidus: normal reference ranges for measurements and practical guidance on the technique. Manual Therapy, 10(2), 116-126. DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2004.08.013

Sykacek, P., Roberts, S. J., & Stokes, M. (2004). Adaptive BCI based on variational Bayesian Kalman filtering: an empirical evaluation. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 51(5), 719 - 727. DOI: 10.1109/TBME.2004.824128

Curran, E., Sykacek, P., Stokes, M., Roberts, S., Penny, W., Johnsrude, I., & Owen, A. (2004). Cognitive tasks for driving a brain computer interfacing system: a pilot study. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 12(1), 48 - 54. DOI: 10.1109/TNSRE.2003.821372

Miranda, E. R., Roberts, S., & Stokes, M. (2004). On generating EEG for controlling musical systems. Biomedizinische Technik, 49(1), 75-76.

Morgan, C. L., Cullen, G. P., Stokes, M. J., & Swan, A. V. (2003). Effects of knee joint angle and tilt table incline on force distribution at the fee and support straps. Clinical Rehabilitation, 17(8), 871 - 878. DOI: 10.1191/0269215503cr691oa

Curran, E. A., & Stokes, M. J. (2003). Learning to control brain activity: a review of the production and control of EEG components for driving brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. Brain & Cognition, 51(3), 326-336. DOI: 10.1016/S0278-2626(03)00036-8

Coldron, Y., Stokes, M., & Cook, K. (2003). Lumbar multifidus muscle size does not differ whether imaging is performed in prone or side lying. Manual Therapy, 8(3), 161 - 165. DOI: 10.1016/S1356-689X(03)00011-0

Sykacek, P., Roberts, S., Stokes, M., Curran, E., Gibbs, M., & Pickup, L. (2003). Probablistic methods for BCI research (in special Issue on brain-computer interface technology: a review of the second international meeting). IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 11(2), 192-195. DOI: 10.1109/TNSRE.2003.814447

Rankin, G., Stokes, M., & Newham, D. (2002). Changes in the normal characteristic pattern of abdominal muscle thickness in rowers with low back pain. Clinical Rehabilitation, 16(1), 112-113.

Warner, M., Novellino, A., Astill, S., Pittaulga, E., & Stokes, M. (1970). Motor task manager and upper limb reaching task: validation of movement analysis. Gait and Posture, 30(Supplement 1), p.S57. DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.07.053

Book

Stokes, M., & Stack, E. (2011). Physical management for neurological conditions. Elsevier.

Book Chapters

Stokes, M., & Bruton, A. (2009). How to start. In A. P. Moore, & P. Lyon (Eds.), National Physiotherapy Research Network. Getting involved in research. A pocket guide. (pp. 14-19). London, UK: Chartered Society of Physiotherapy.

Fitzgerald, D., & Stokes, M. (2004). Muscle imbalance in neurological conditions. In M. Stokes (Ed.), Physical Management in Neurological Rehabilitation. (pp. 501-516). Oxford: Elsevier Sciences.

Conferences

Brown, S., Samuel, D., Agyapong-Badu, S., Herrick, I., Murray, A., Hawkes, R., & Stokes, M. (2016). Age related differences in lung function between female recreational golfers and less active controls. Poster session presented at World Scientific Congress of Golf, St. Andrew's, United Kingdom.

Herrick, I., Brown, S., Agyapong-Badu, S., Warner, M., Ewings, S., Samuel, D., & Stokes, M. (2016). Anterior thigh composition using ultrasound imaging in mature female recreational golfers. Poster session presented at World Scientific Congress of Golf, St. Andrew's, United Kingdom.

Martinez-Bustelo, S., Brown, S., Warner, M., Jácome, A., Wootton, J., Welch, D., ... Stokes, M. (2016). Between-side symmetry of quadriceps thickness using ultrasound imaging in female golfers and non-golfers aged over 80 years. Poster session presented at OARSI 2016 World Congress, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Stokes, M., Brown, S., Agyapong-Badu, S., Warner, M., Ewings, S., Martinez, S., ... Samuel, D. (2016). Golf in later life: musculoskeletal function and quality of life in recreational female golfers. Poster session presented at 7th HEPA Europe Conference, Belfast, United Kingdom.

Botha, N., Wilson, D., Hawkes, R., Dickenson, E., Stokes, M., & Warner, M. (2015). Observed movement patterns during a small-knee bend and patient-reported health-related quality of life in elite male professional golfers. Poster session presented at British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, United Kingdom.

Adams, J., Hislop, K., Hammond, A., Dziedzic, K., Gooberman-Hill, R., Stokes, M., ... Barbosa Boucas, S. (2014). Designing trials of complex occupational therapy with the involvement of patients and clinicians. Poster session presented at World Federation of Occupational Therapists Conference, Japan.

Agyapong-Badu, S., Samuel, D., Warner, M., Cooper, C., & Stokes, M. (2014). Differences between body mass index and relative thickness of quadriceps muscle and subcutaneous fat as indicators of body composition with healthy ageing. The Society for Research in Rehabilitation Winter Meeting, United Kingdom.

Warner, M., Mullix, J., Gimpel, M., & Stokes, M. (2013). Mechanical properties of rectus femoris muscle in professional footballers from start to mid-season. 18th Annual Congress of the European College of Sports Science, Spain.

Bailey, L., Warner, M. B., Samuel, D., & Stokes, M. (2012). Muscle tone and mechanical properties of biceps brachii in healthy older males: symmetry and reliability using the MyotonPRO. Poster session presented at CSP Congress, United Kingdom.

Aird, L., Warner, M. B., Samuel, D., & Stokes, M. (2012). Quadriceps muscle mechanical properties in older males: reliability and symmetry with MyotonPRO. Poster session presented at CSP Congress, United Kingdom.

Mooney, K., Stokes, M., & Warner, M. (2012). Reliability and symmetry of Myoton-Pro measurements of viscoelastic properties of biceps brachii in young adult males. Poster session presented at The Biomedical Basis of Elite Performance, United Kingdom.

Warner, M., Whatling, G., Worsley, P., Mottram, S., Chappell, P., Holt, C., & Stokes, M. (2011). A novel approach to the classification of scapular kinematics. Paper presented at 23rd Congress of the International Society of Biomechanics, .

Warner, M., Chappell, P., & Stokes, M. (2010). A comparison between the acromion marker cluster and scapular locator techniques for measuring scapular kinematics during upper limb elevation and lowering. Paper presented at 8th meeting of the International Shoulder Group, United States.

Worsley, P., Stokes, M., & Taylor, M. (2010). Assessment of muscle atrophy in knee arthroplasty patients using dynamic ultrasound imaging. Poster session presented at 56th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, United States.

Worsley, P., Stokes, M., & Taylor, M. (2010). Ultrasound imaging to scale strength in patient specific musculoskeletal models. 17th Congress of the European Society of Biomechanics, United Kingdom.

Lovegrove Jones, R., Peng, Q., Humphrey, V., Stokes, M., Payne, C., & Constantinou, C. E. (2009). Comparison of the knack and a cough on the pelvic floor: evaluated by 2d real time ultrasound (RTUS) and image processing methods. Paper presented at International Continence Society Annual Meeting, .

Mottram, S., Warner, M., Chappell, P., Morrissey, D., & Stokes, M. (2009). Impaired control of scapular rotation during a clinical dissociation test in people with a history of shoulder pain. 3rd International Conference on Movement Dysfunction, .

Delaney, S., Worsley, P., Warner, M., Taylor, M., & Stokes, M. (2009). Relationship between changes in force and linear dimensions of rectus femoris muscle in man using ultrasound imaging. Poster session presented at Physoc: Physiological Society Annual Meeting. Novel Insights into Estrogen Actions, .

Chen, S. P., Chappell, P. H., & Allen, R. (2009). Reliability of measurements of abdominal muscle thickness during active straight leg raise (ASLR) test. Paper presented at PGBioMed09, United Kingdom.

Whittaker, J., Warner, M., & Stokes, M. (2009). Ultrasound imaging transducer motion during clinical lumbopelvic manoeuvres. Poster session presented at Canadian Physiotherapy Association Congress, .

Warner, M., Mottram, S., Chappell, P., Morrissey, D., & Stokes, M. (2009). Use of a passive marker motion capture device for measuring scapular kinematics: a feasibility study. Poster session presented at XXII Congress of the International Society of Biomechanics, .

Stokes, M. (2006). Rehabilitative ultrasound imaging of the lumbar multifidus muscle: measuring morphology. A10-A11. Paper presented at Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging Symposium, United States.DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2006.0301

Wang, S., James, C. J., & Stokes, M. (2005). The Southampton brain-computer interfacing research programme. Paper presented at 27th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2005), .

Stokes, M., Rankin, G., & Newham, D. (2002). Abnormal relative thickness of abdominal muscles in neurological patients. P8.016. Poster session presented at 13th European Congress of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, .

Rankin, G., Stokes, M., & Newham, D. (2002). Factors affecting the size and shape of lumbar multifidus measured by ultrasound imaging in healthy untrained subjects. Poster session presented at VII International Physiotherapy Congress, .

Newham, D., Rankin, G., & Stokes, M. (2002). Geometry of the vastus lateralis muscle in control subjects and neurological patients as determined by ultrasonography.. P8.012. Poster session presented at 13th European Congress of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, .

Rankin, G., Stokes, M., & Newham, D. (2002). Normal size and shape of the posterior cervical muscles. P7.016. Poster session presented at 13th European Congress of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, .

Newham, D., Rankin, G., & Stokes, M. (2002). The effects of serial knee casting on muscle geometry and joint range on two neurological patients. P8.078. Poster session presented at 13th European Congress of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, .

Stokes, M. (2001). Physiological mechanisms of muscle dysfunction and methods for investigation. p.54. Paper presented at 1st International Conference on Movement Dysfunction – ‘Integrating Approaches', .

Worsley, P., Warner, M., Delaney, S., Stokes, M., & Taylor, M. (1970). The application of ultrasound imaging in the musculoskeletal modeling process. 1501-1501. Poster session presented at 55th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, .

Lecturing on undergraduate and postgraduate courses:

Functional and applied anatomy, using ultrasound imaging.
Experimental research methods.
Writing for publication.
Focussed writing workshops.

Ultrasound imaging of skeletal muscle: an introductory course for physiotherapists (continuing professional development course)

Maria has a background in physiotherapy and neuromuscular physiology. Her research career began two years after qualifying as a physiotherapist at the London Hospital, when she studied for her PhD in Neuromuscular Physiology in the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Department of Zoology, University of Oxford. Her post-doctoral years were spent as a Research Fellow in the Department of Medicine, University of Liverpool, and then as a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Physiotherapy, University of Queensland, Australia. Her research focused on physiological mechanisms of muscle weakness and fatigue, and developing assessment tools, including ultrasound imaging to assess muscle size and behaviour, and mechanomyography to record muscle vibrations. She returned to the UK to become Director of Research and Development at the Royal Hospital for Neuro-disability in London.

Maria’s current research into active living and healthy ageing of the musculoskeletal system spans the activity spectrum from elite sports through to frail older people. Her basic scientific research focuses on mechanisms of movement in health and disorders affecting the musculoskeletal system, including the biomechanics of movement (using motion analysis) and neuromuscular control of movement (using observational movement screening tools and measuring muscle electrical activity). This knowledge f mechanisms informs the development of exercise programmes to protect joints from abnormal loading and injuries that may lead to osteoarthritis.

Her research is based in the national Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis (www.sportsarthritisresearchuk.org) and embedded within two local multidisciplinary collaboration initiatives; the Southampton Musculoskeletal Research Unit (a joint venture funded by Southampton University Hospitals Trust and the University) and the University’s Institute for Life Sciences (www.southampton.ac.uk/ifls).

Advisory groups membership

Co-Chair, European Space Agency ‘Post-mission Exercise (Rehab)’ Topical Team (‘Exercise after Space’) www.esa.int/ESA

Chartered Society of Physiotherapy Research & Development Committee: 2010- present www.csp.org.uk

Manual Therapy journal, International Advisory Board: 2009-present; www.manualtherapyjournal.com

Clinical Rehabilitation Sub-Editor: 1994-present www.cre.sagepub.com

Collaborations

Southampton Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSKRU): Southampton University Hospitals Trust/University of Southampton (Director, Academic) – to enhance interdisciplinary collaborative research between clinical, applied and basic sciences

Southampton Statistical Sciences Research Institute (S3Ri) – fostering collaboration between the Faculty of Health Sciences & S3Ri to ensure high quality research for complex studies in health science (2009-present) www.southampton.ac.uk/s3ri

International collaboration on Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging (RUSI) - aiming to develop international guidelines for education, clinical practice and research (Whittaker et al., 2007; Journal of Orthopaedics & Sports Physical Therapy: Special Issue. 37(8): 435-449) http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/55255/Clinical

Arthritis Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis www.sportsarthritisresearchuk.org/seoa/index.aspx

www.arthritisresearchuk.org/research/our-centres-of-excellence/aruk-centre-for-sport-exercise-and-osteoarthritis.aspx

Professor Kim Bennell, Director of Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia healthsciences.unimelb.edu.au/graduate_research/future/supervisors/kim_bennell

Dr Carolyn Emery, Associate Dean Research, Associate Professor and co-chair of International Olympic Committee Research Centre of Excellence in Injury Prevention in Sport, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Canada www.ucalgary.ca/knes/Associate_Dean_Research

Mr Mo Gimpel, Sports Medicine & Science Manager, Southampton Football Club, Southampton UK www.saintsfc.co.uk

Ms Sarah Mottram & Mr Mark Comerford, Directors, Movement Performance Solutions www.movementperformancesolutions.com

Professor James Selfe, Professor of Physiotherapy, School of Sport, Tourism and the Outdoors, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK www.uclan.ac.uk/staff_profiles/professor_james_selfe.php

Links with allied health and medical clinicians, including: physiotherapy, occupational therapy, podiatry, rheumatology, epidemiology, primary care orthopaedic surgery

Commercial Links

Movement Performance Solutions Ltd – collaborating with Sarah Mottram and Mark Comerford on movement control research

www.movementperformancesolutions.com

Myoton AS Estonia - supporting research on testing mechanical properties of muscle www.myoton.com

Southampton Football Club - Supporting research into prevention of osteoarthritis www.saintsfc.co.uk

Vicon Motion Systems Ltd – supporting research into movement analysis www.vicon.com

Ett Solutions (Italy) – supporting research into their motion analysis system for the upper limb www.ettsolutions.com

Honorary positions in academic institutions

Visiting Professor, University College Dublin, Ireland, June 2008-present www.ucd.ie/phpps

National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) – Honorary Faculty Member – 2008 – present www.nihr.ac.uk

Sub-editor of Clinical Rehabilitation Journal www.cre.sagepub.com

Professor Maria Stokes
University of Southampton Faculty of Health Sciences Building 45 Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ

Room Number:45/2004

Telephone:(023) 8059 6868
Email:M.Stokes@soton.ac.uk

Professor Maria Stokes's personal home page

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