Advanced Cardiac Physiology

Learning Outcomes

Knowledge and Understanding

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:

• Appraise the practice and principles of invasive cardiology.
• Demonstrate an understanding of the range of needs of people with disabilities within this care pathway.
• Explain the underpinning principles and practice of invasive pressure measurement and cardiac interventions.
• Evaluate the differences between children and adults with respect to cardiac physiology investigations.
• Engage with research activity by evaluating research outcomes in cardiac physiology and judiciously applying them to professional practice.
• Examine the principles and application of management of bradycardia.
• Demonstrate an understanding and experience of the value of clinical audit in optimising cardiac services.
• Demonstrate an understanding of the importance of patient-centred care.
• Evaluate the physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology related to invasive testing in electrocardiography, pacing, echocardiography and cardiac catheterisation procedures.

Learning Outcomes

Having successfully completed this module you will be able to:

• Respect and uphold the rights, dignity and privacy of patients.
• Select and apply appropriate analysis or assessment techniques and tools.
• Actively seek accurate and validated information from all available sources with respect to cardiac investigations.
• Appreciate the empathy and sensitivity needed when dealing with the patient experience of long term conditions and terminal illness.
• Critically discuss the problems associated with the care of patients undergoing cardiac investigations or treatments.
• Establish patient-centred rapport.

Indicative Content

In this module students will build on Year 1 learning and begin detailed learning that underpins the routine practical techniques.

Patient Centred Care

• Communication Skills
• Consent
• Confidentiality
• Disability including learning disabilities
• Care Pathways for patients with cardiovascular disease

Physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology related to electrocardiography, echocardiography, pacing and cardiac catheterisation

• Circulatory control
• Cardiac cycle and potentials
• Cardiac output control
• Heart failure and its effect on the heart and circulation
• Cardiac drugs: affects, functions and application during cardiac procedures
• Changes associated with heart disease to invasive measurement and interventions
• Acquired heart disease and its effect on the heart and circulation
• Basic overview of congenital heart disease

o Embryology

o Circulatory changes at birth

o Common abnormalities which may include

 Atrial Septal Defects

 Ventricular Septal Defects

 Patent DuctusArteriosus

 Coarctation of the Aorta

 Tetralogy of Fallot

Principles and practice of invasive pressure measurement and cardiac

interventions

• Principles and practice of invasive pressure measurement
• Equipment and set up
• Diagnostic and therapeutic cath lab procedures
• Operation of equipment and safe use
• Catheter use and design (diagnostic and guide catheters)
• Identification and measurement of intracardiac pressures (normal and abnormal)

Principles and application of management of bradycardia

• Indications and contraindications for bradycardia device implantation
• Implantation techniques and asepsis
• Bradycardia pacing modes
• Rhythm management
• Simple ECG troubleshooting
• Introduction to echocardiography

Physics of ultrasound

Standard views and images

This module will also build on earlier work to develop the themes of public

health and epidemiology of cardiovascular disease, risk factors, risk

assessment, primary prevention including behavioural change management.

Teaching and learning methods

Students will learn by exploring material in seminars and laboratory practical’s in conjunction with directed learning. Students will be encouraged to take responsibility for the development of their own learning by utilising a variety of means such as multimedia resources, and the library, and by self-directed development of the study skills necessary to access these resources.

Resources & Reading list

Textbooks

Anderson, B. (2007). Echocardiography: The normal examination and echocardiographic measurements. MGA Graphics..

Guyton, A. & Hall, J. (2009). Textbook of Medical Physiology. Philadelphia: Elsevier.

Huszar, R (2007). Basic Dysrhythmias: Interpretation & management. Philadelphia: Elsevier.

Johnson, W. (2008). Pediatric Cardiology : The essential pocket guide. Wiley-Blackwell.

Wasserman, K., Hansen, J. & Darryl, S. (2005). Principles of exercise testing and interpretation: including pathophysiology and clinical application. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Otto, C. (2009). Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography. Philadelphia: Elsevier.

Connelly, D. (2006). Implantable Cardiac Pacemakers and Defibrillators: all you wanted to know. BMJ Publishing Group..

Aaronson, P., Ward J & Connolly, M. (2012). The Cardiovascular System at a Glance. Wiley.

Opie,l. (2004). Heart Physiology: From Cell to Circulation. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Ellenbogen, K. (2008). Cardiac Pacing and ICDs. Wiley-Blackwell.

Conover, M. (2002). Understanding Electrocardiography. Philadelphia: Elsevier.

Feigenbaum, H. (2004). Feigenbaum’s Echocardiography. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Klabunde, R (2005). Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Bono, R. (2011). Brauwald’s Heart Disease. Philadelphia: Elsevier.

Verghese, A. (2003). Stress Testing: Principles and Practice. Oxford University Press.

Morris, F. (2008). The ABC of Clinical Electrocardiography. BMJ Books.

Fogoros, R. (2006). Electrophysiologic Testing. John Wiley and Sons Ltd.

Brown, H. (1997). Physiology and Pharmacology of the Heart. John Wiley and Sons Ltd.

Morton, K (2011). The Cardiac Catheterization Handbook. Philadelphia: Elsevier.

Barold, S. (2010). Cardiac Pacemakers and Resynchronisation. Step by step. Wiley-Blackwell.

Gunning, M. (2007). Essential Cardiac Catheterization. Hodder Arnold.

Bennett, D. (2006). Cardiac Arrhythmias: Practical Notes on Interpretation and Treatment. Hodder Education.

Ellestad, M. (2003). Stress testing: principles and practice. Oxford University Press.

Bennett, P. (1993). Counselling for Heart Disease. John Wiley and Sons Ltd.

Hung-Chi, L. (2006). ECG in the Child and Adolescent. Wiley-Blackwell.

Froelicher, V. (2006). Exercise and the Heart. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences.

Sunthareswaran, R. (2004). Cardiovascular System. Mosby’s.

Chambers, J. & Rimmington, H. (2007). Echocardiography. A practical Guide to Reporting. Informa.

Phillips, J. & Feeney, M. (1980). The Cardiac Rhythms. Saunders.

Marieb, E. (2004). Human Anatomy & Physiology. Pearson.

Wagner, G. (2007). Marriott’s Practical Electrocardiography. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Kumar, P. & Clark, M. (2009). Clinical Medicine. Philadelphia: Elsevier.

Tortora, G. (2009). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. Wiley.

Summative

This is how we’ll formally assess what you have learned in this module.

Repeat Information

Repeat type: Internal & External